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Anatomy > Back > Flashcards

Back Flashcards

1
Q

Region of the scapula that articulates with the clavicle and humerus head

A

Acromion

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2
Q

Gap formed within the pubus and ischium

A

Obturator foramen

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3
Q

Location where the ilium, pubis, and ischium meet and form the hip joint; where the femur articulates.

A

Acetabulum

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4
Q

Action of the latissimus dorsi muscle

A

Extends, adducts, and medially rotates the humerus

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5
Q

Innervation of the latissimus dorsi muscle

A

Thoracodorsal nerve

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6
Q

Action of the trapezius muscle

A

Extends head, elevates and pulls shoulder posteriorly, stabilization and movement of the scapula

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7
Q

Innervation of the trapezius muscle

A

Motor innervation by cranial nerve CN XI (spinal accessory nerve); sensory by cervical plexus (C3;C4)

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8
Q

Muscles innervated by the accessory nerve CN XI

A

Trapezius muscle and sternocleidomastoid muscle

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9
Q

Action of the levator scapulae muscle

A

Scapula elevation

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10
Q

Innervation of the levator scapula muscle

A

C3, C4 cervical nerves and dorsal scapular nerve C4, C5

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11
Q

Action of the rhomboid major muscle

A

Superior-medial rotation of the scapula, scapula support, inferior rotation of the glenoid cavity

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12
Q

Innervation of the rhomboid major muscle

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

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13
Q

Action of the rhomboid minor muscle

A

Adduction (retraction) and elevation of the scapula

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14
Q

Innervation of the rhomboid minor muscle

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

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15
Q

Inferiorly borders the triangle of auscultation

A

Latissimus dorsi muscle

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16
Q

Superiorly borders the triangle of auscultation

A

Inferior border of the trapezius

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17
Q

Laterally borders the triangle of auscultation

A

Medial border to the scapula formed by the teres major muscle and infraspinatus muscle

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18
Q

3 muscles that make up the floor of the triangle of auscultation

A

Rhomboid major muscle, Serratus anterior muscle, and Erector spinae muscles

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19
Q

Anatomical landmark that allows for better auscultation and fewer impedances during the pulmonary examination

A

Triangle of auscultation

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20
Q

Relevant neurovascular that run together on the deep part of the trapezius muscle

A

Accessory nerve (CN XI) and Transverse cervical artery

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21
Q

Branch of the transverse cervical artery or directly off subclavian that runs through the rhomboid major and minor muscles

A

Dorsal scapular artery

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22
Q

Nerve that is a branch of the brachial plexus and supplies the Rhomboid major and minor muscles

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

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23
Q

Action of the Serratus posterior superior muscle

A

Elevates the ribs (respiration facilitation)

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24
Q

Innervation of the Serratus Posterior superior muscle

A

2nd through 5th intercostal nerves

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25
Q

Action of the serratus posterior inferior muscle

A

Depresses the ribs posteroinferiorly (respiration facilitation)

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26
Q

Innervation of the Serratus posterior inferior muscle

A

9th through 11th intercostal nerves (anterior rami); subcostal nerve

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27
Q

Action of the Splenius capitis muscle

A

Unilateral flexion and rotation of the neck laterally, bilateral head and neck extension

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28
Q

Innervation of the Splenius capitis muscle

A

Posterior rami of spinal nerves

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29
Q

Action of the Splenius Cervicis muscle

A

Unilateral flexion and rotation of the back laterally, bilateral head and neck extension

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30
Q

Innervation of the Splenius Cervicis muscle

A

Posterior rami of spinal nerves

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31
Q

The 3 muscles of the Erector Spinae, lateral to medial

A

Iliocostalis muscle, Longissimus muscle, Spinalis muscle

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32
Q

Action of the Erector spinae muscles

A

Primary extensor of the back, contributes to stabilizaiton of lateral rotation, and flexion of the vertebral column

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33
Q

Innervation of the Erector Spinae muscles

A

Posterior rami of spinal nerves

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34
Q

Muscles that make up the Transversospinalis muscle group of the deep (deep) back

A

Rotatores, Multifidus, Semispinalis (capitis, cervicis, thoracis) muscles

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35
Q

Action of the Transversospinalis muscle group

A

Extension, rotation, and stabilization of the vertebral column

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36
Q

Innervation of the Transversospinalis muscle group

A

Posterior rami of spinal nerves

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37
Q

3 deep minor intrinsic back muscles that have tiny actions on vertebrae and contribute to the extension of the spine

A

Levatores costarum, Intertransversarii, Interspinales

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38
Q

A thin area of the abdominal wall that is a potential site of weakness which can lead to a lumber hernia

A

Lumber triangle (of Petit)

39
Q

Describes the superior lumber triangle and is defined by the quadratus lumborum muscle, 12th rib, and internal oblique muscles. Also a back herniation.

A

Grynfelt Hernia

40
Q

Articulation point on the occipital bone for C1 of the vertebral column.

A

Occipital condyle

41
Q

Large opening in the occipital bone where structures like the spinal curve communicate with the brain

A

Foramen magnum

42
Q

The external occipital protuberance is in line with this structure that provides an attachment point for the semispinalis capitis muscle and the oblique capitis superior muscle.

A

Superior nuchal line

43
Q

This artery travels through the foramen transverarium of the vertebrae

A

Vertebral artery

44
Q

A fibrous membrane located from the external occipital protuberance to the seventh cervical vertebrae before it continues inferiorly as the supraspinous ligament.

A

Nuchal ligament

45
Q

The nuchal ligament continues as this ligament when it’s inferior of C7 vertebrae

A

Supraspinous ligament

46
Q

Membrane that is connected to the posterior margin of the foramen magnum and below to the upper border of the posterior arch of the atlas. On each side of this membrane there is a defect/hole above the groove for the vertebral artery and the suboccipital nerve.

A

Posterior atlantooccipital membrane (or ligament)

47
Q

Action of the semispinalis capitis muscle

A

Extends cervical spine, rotates spine contralaterally

48
Q

Innervation of the semispinalis capitis muscle

A

Posterior rami of spinal nerves

49
Q

Action of the semispinalis cervicis

A

Extends cervical spine, rotates spine contralaterally

50
Q

Innervation of the semispinalis cervicis

A

Posterior rami of spinal nerves

51
Q

Action of the obliquus capitis superior muscle

A

Extension and lateral flexion of the atlanto-occipital joints

52
Q

Innervation of the obliquus capitis superior muscle

A

Suboccipital nerve (which originates from the posterior ramus of spinal nerve C1)

53
Q

Action of the obliquus capitis inferior muscle

A

Ipsilateral rotation of head

54
Q

Innervation of obliquus capitis inferior muscle

A

Suboccipital nerve (posterior ramus of spinal nerve C1)

55
Q

Action of the rectus capitis posterior major muscle

A

Extension at the atlantooccipital joint; ipsilateral rotation of head

56
Q

Innervation of rectus capitis posterior major muscle

A

Suboccipital nerve (posterior ramus of spinal nerve C1)

57
Q

Action of the rectus capitis posterior minor muscle

A

Extension at the atlantooccipital joint, ipsilateral rotation of head

58
Q

Innervation of rectus capitis posterior minor muscle

A

Suboccipital nerve (posterior ramus of spinal nerve C1)

59
Q

Muscles that border the suboccipital triangle

A

Rectus capitis posterior major, Obliquus capitis superior, and Obliquus capitis inferior

60
Q

Contents of the suboccipital triangle

A

Suboccipital nerve (C1; no cutaenous innervation), and Vertebral artery

61
Q

Portion of the vertebral artery that is pre-foraminal

A

From subclavian artery to transverse foramen of C6

62
Q

Portion of the vertebral artery that is foraminal

A

Through the transverse foramina of C6 to C2

63
Q

Portion of the vertebral artery that is extradural

A

From the transverse foramen of axis (through the suboccipital triangle) to the foramen magnum

64
Q

Portion of the vertebral artery that is intradural

A

From the foramen magnum to the inferior border of pons

65
Q

This artery is commonly dissected in golfers

A

Vertebral artery

66
Q

Artery that arises from the posterior aspect of the external carotid artery, crosses the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII), and runs towards the external occipital protuberance. Perforates the nuchal fascia between the cranial insertion of the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles and ascends in the superficial fascia of the scalp, where it is accompanied by the greater occipital nerve.

A

Occipital artery

67
Q

Two terminal branches of the occipital artery

A

Lateral branch that anastomoses with the posterior auricular (ear) artery
Medial branch that runs to the top of the skull to anastomose with its counterpart before joining the superficial temporal artery

68
Q

The medial branch of the occipital artery anastomoses with its counterpart before joining this artery

A

Superficial temporal artery

69
Q

Largest sensory nerve in the body

A

Greater occipital nerve

70
Q

The Great Occipital nerve innervates these regions

A

Sensory to upper neck; occipital bone to vertex of scalp

71
Q

The Suboccipital nerve innervates these regions/muscles

A

Sensory to spinal cord; motor to Rectus capitis posterior major muscle, Rectus capitis posterior minor muscle, Obliquus capitis superior muscle, and Obliquus capitis inferior muscle

72
Q

The third occipital nerve innvervates these regions/muscles

A

C2/C3 facet joint (zygopophysial joint)

73
Q

The Greater Occipital nerve arises from this rami

A

Dorsal rami of C2

74
Q

The Lesser Occipital nerve arises from this rami

A

Ventral rami of C2

75
Q

The 3rd Occipital nerve arises from this rami

A

Dorsal rami of C3

76
Q

The Great Auricular nerve arises from this rami

A

Ventral rami of C2, C3

77
Q

4 Muscles that act on the scapula

A

Trapezius (stabilization and movement)
Levator Scapulae (elevates)
Rhomboid Major (superior-medial rotation and support)
Rhomboid Minor (adduction/retraction and elevation)

78
Q

Muscles that act on the ribs and facilitate respiration

A

Serratus Posterior Superior and Inferior

79
Q

Muscle that extends, adducts, and medially rotates the humerus

A

Latissimus Dorsi

80
Q

Muscles (3) that act to extend the head

A

Trapezius, Splenius Capitis, and Splenius Cervicis

81
Q

Muscle that acts to elevate ribs

A

Serratus posterior superior

82
Q

Muscle that acts to depress ribs

A

Serratus posterior inferior

83
Q

Muscles innervated by the Dorsal Scapular Nerve (C4, C5)

A

Levator Scapulae, Rhomboid Major, and Rhomboid Minor

84
Q

Muscles that act to rotate the spine contralaterally

A

Semispinalis Capitis and Semispinalis Cervicis

85
Q

Muscles innervated by the posterior rami of spinal nerves

A

Splenius capitis and cervicis,
Erector spinae muscles (Iliocostalis, Longissimus, Spinalis),
Transversospinalis muscles (Rotatores, Multifidus, Semispinalis Capitis and Cervicis),
Deep minor intrinsic muscles (Levatores costarum, Intertransversarii, Interspinalis)

86
Q

Muscles that act in flexion of the vertebral column

A

Erector spinae muscles (Iliocostalis, Longissimus, Spinalis)

87
Q

Muscles that act in extension of the vertebral column and spine

A

Transversospinalis muscles (Rotatores, Multifidus, Semispinalis),
Deep Minor Intrinsic muscles (levatores costarum, Intertransversarii, Interspinalis)

88
Q

Muscles that act in the extension of the cervical spine

A

Semispinalis capitis and cervicis

89
Q

Muscles that act unilaterally on the neck in extension, flexion, and lateral rotation

A

Splenius capitis and cervicis

90
Q

Muscles innervated by the suboccipital nerve (posterior ramus of spinal nerve C1)

A

Obliquus capitis superior and inferior, Rectus capitis posterior major and minor

91
Q

Muscles that act in extension of the atlanto-occipital joints

A

Obliquus capitis superior, Rectus capitis posterior major and minor

92
Q

Muscles that act in the ipsilateral rotation of the head

A

Obliquus capitis inferior, Rectus capitis posterior major and minor

93
Q

The suboccipital nerve originates from this rami

A

Posterior ramus of spinal nerve C1

94
Q

Nerve that innervates the upper neck and occiptal bone to vertex of scalp

A

Great occipital nerve

Anatomy (23 decks)

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