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Anatomy > Hand > Flashcards

Hand Flashcards

1
Q

Ligaments that lie on the radial and ulnar sides of the MCP and IP joints.
Resist valgus (abduction) and varus (adduction) forces to the phalanges

A

Collateral ligaments

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2
Q

Injury to the medial (ulnar) collateral ligament of the 1st MCP joint that can occur due to hyperextension of the thumb

A

Gamekeeper’s thumb

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3
Q

Tendons that make up the extensor expansion hood

A

Long extensor muscles of the forearm (extensor digitorum, indicis, digiti minimi)

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4
Q

Slip of the extensor expansion hood that inserts on to the base of the middle phalanx

A

Central slip

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5
Q

Slip of the extensor expansion hood that diverges laterally around the other slip to insert on to the base of the distal phalanx

A

2 lateral slips

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6
Q

Condition in which the A1 pulley becomes inflamed or thickened, making it harder for the flexor tendon to glide through it as the finger bends. A small nodule may also form on the flexor tendon.

A

Stenosing Tenosynovitis (Trigger finger)

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7
Q

Extends superiorly across the anterior concavity of the carpal bones and forms the roof of the carpal tunnel.
Spans laterally from the scaphoid and trapezoid to the pisiform and hamate bones medially.

A

Flexor retinaculum

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8
Q

Structure that forms the roof of the carpal tunnel

A

Flexor retinaculum

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9
Q

Structure that spans laterally from the anterior radius to the pisiform and triquetrum carpal bones medially.

A

Extensor retinaculum

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10
Q

Narrowing or stenosis of the synovial sheath surrounding the tendons of the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis muscles.
Usually caused by excessive friction between the tendon and sheath, resulting in inflammation and pain radiating from the lateral aspect of the wrist.

A

Tenosynovitis (De Quervain’s)

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11
Q

Tendons involved in Tenosynovitis (De Quervain’s)

A

Abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis muscles

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12
Q

Muscle that sits/blends onto the fibers of the flexor retinaculum and attaches to palmaris aponeurosis. Has an immediate relationship to the carpal tunnel.

A

Palmaris longus muscle

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13
Q

Contents of the carpal tunnel

A

Flexor digitorum profundus muscle
Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle
Flexor pollicis longus muscle
Median nerve

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14
Q

Branch of the median nerve that supplies the thenar eminence

A

Recurrent branch of the median nerve

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15
Q

Bulbous structure on thumb

A

Thenar eminence

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16
Q

Bulbous structure near 5th digit that is proximal to lunar

A

Hyperthenar eminence

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17
Q

Branches of ulnar nerve in the hand

A

Superficial and deep

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18
Q

Superficial ulnar nerve innervates ?

A

Sensory to hand and motor to palmaris brevis

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19
Q

Lumbricals that are unipennate

A

1st and 2nd

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20
Q

Lumbricals that are bipennate

A

3rd and 4th

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21
Q

Structure that defines the axial line of the hand

A

Middle finger

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22
Q

Proximal median nerve injury

A

Cubital fossa entrapment (Hand of Benediction)

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23
Q

Effects of cubital fossa entrapment

A

Wasting of anterior forearm and thenar eminence.
Inability to flex at MCP and IP joints at the middle and index fingers.

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24
Q

Distal median nerve injury

A

Carpal tunnel syndrome (Ape hand)

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25
Q

Proximal Ulnar nerve injury

A

Cubital tunnel syndrome

26
Q

Distal ulnar nerve injury

A

Claw hand

27
Q

Effects of Claw hand

A

Wasting of hypothenar eminence and intrinsic muscles of hand.
Inability to extend fingers at IP joints = permanent flexion.
Affects little and ring fingers.

28
Q

Radial nerve injury

A

Wrist drop

29
Q

Effects of wrist drop

A

Wasting of triceps and posterior compartment of forearm.
Inability to extend the hand, inability to fully extend forearm.

30
Q

The deep and superficial palmar arch arteries are supplied by

A

Radial and ulnar arteries

31
Q

Location near the dorsal aspect of the 1st digit where the radial artery travels through

A

Anatomical snuffbox

32
Q

Boundaries of the anatomical snuffbox

A

Extensor pollicis longus muscle
Extensor pollicis brevis muscle
Abductor pollicis longus muscle

33
Q

Action of the Opponens pollicis muscle

A

Opposes thumb

34
Q

Innervation of the Opponens pollicis muscle

A

Recurrent branch of median nerve

35
Q

Action of the Abductor pollicis brevis muscle

A

Abducts thumb, aids in opposition

36
Q

Innervation of Abductor pollicis brevis muscle

A

Recurrent branch of median nerve

37
Q

Action of the Flexor pollicis brevis muscle

A

Flexes MCP of thumb

38
Q

Innervation of the Flexor pollicis brevis muscle

A

Recurrent branch of median nerve (superficial head), Deep branch of ulnar nerve (deep head)

39
Q

Action of the Adductor pollicis muscle

A

Adducts thumb towards palm

40
Q

Innervation of the Adductor pollicis muscle

A

Deep branch of ulnar nerve

41
Q

Action of the Abductor digiti minimi muscle

A

Abducts and flexes MCP of 5th digit

42
Q

Innervation of the Abductor digiti minimi muscle

A

Deep branch of ulnar nerve

43
Q

Action of the Flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle

A

Flexes MCP of 5th digit

44
Q

Innervation of the Flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle

A

Deep branch of ulnar nerve

45
Q

Action of the Opponens digiti (minimi) muscle

A

Bring 5th digit into opposition

46
Q

Innervation of the Opponens digiti (minimi) muscle

A

Deep branch of ulnar nerve

47
Q

Action of the Palmaris brevis muscle

A

Tenses the palmar aponeurosis

48
Q

Innervation of the Palmaris brevis muscle

A

Superficial branch of ulnar nerve

49
Q

Action of the 1st and 2nd lumbricals

A

Flex MCP joints, extend IP joints of digits

50
Q

Innervation of the 1st and 2nd lumbricals

A

Median nerve

51
Q

Action of the 3rd and 4th lumbricals

A

Flex MCP joints, extend IP joints of digits

52
Q

Innervation of the 3rd and 4th lumbricals

A

Deep branch of ulnar nerve

53
Q

Action of the 1st to 4th dorsal interossei

A

Abduct 2nd-4th digits from axial line; assist lumbricals in MCP flexion and IP extension

54
Q

Innervation of the 1st to 4th dorsal interossei

A

Deep branch of ulnar nerve

55
Q

Action of the 1st to 3rd palmar interossei

A

Adduct 2nd, 4th, and 5th digits toward axial line; assist lumbricals in flexing MCP joints and extension of IP joints; extensor expansions of 2nd-4th digits

56
Q

Innervation of the 1st to 3rd palmar interossei

A

Deep branch of the ulnar nerve

57
Q

Intrinsic thenar muscles (4)

A

Opponenes pollicis, Abductor pollicis brevis, Flexor pollicis brevis, Adductor pollicis

58
Q

Intrinsic hypothenar muscles (4)

A

Abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi brevis, Opponens digiti (minimi), palmaris brevis

59
Q

Intrinsic deep/short muscles of the hand

A

1st through 4th lumbricals, 1st to 4th dorsal interossei, 1st to 3rd palmar interossei

60
Q

Intrinsic hand muscles innervated by the recurrent branch of median nerve (3)

A

Opponens pollicis, abductor pollicis brevis, superficial head of flexor pollicis brevis

61
Q

Muscles innervated by the deep branch of ulnar nerve (8)

A

Deep head of flexor pollicis brevis, adductor pollicis, abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi brevis, opponens digiti minimi, 3rd and 4th lumbricals, 1st to 4th dorsal interossei, 1st to 3rd palmar interossei

62
Q

Hand muscles innervated by the median nerve before it branches

A

Lumbricals 1st and 2nd

Anatomy (23 decks)

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