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Anatomy > Larynx > Flashcards

Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

3 functions of the larynx

A

Phonation
Respiration
Swallowing

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2
Q

Laryngeal cartilage that has a laryngeal prominence (Adam’s apple) and posteriorly a superior and inferior horn extension

A

Thyroid cartilage

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3
Q

Anterior union of the two laminae of thyroid cartilage

A

Laryngeal prominence (Adam’s apple)

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4
Q

Laryngeal cartilage shaped like a signet ring with an arch anteriorly and lamina posteriorly
Only portion of the larynx and trachea that forms a complete ring around the airway

A

Cricoid cartilage

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5
Q

Laryngeal cartilage for movement that is roughly shaped as a pyramid
Involves the Base-Cricoarytenoid joint, vocal process, and muscular process

A

Arytenoid cartilage

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6
Q

Anterior portion of arytenoid cartilage that is the attachment of vocal ligament

A

Vocal process

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7
Q

Lateral portion of the arytenoid cartilage

A

Muscular process

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8
Q

Laryngeal cartilage that prevents food from entering the larynx
Attached inferiorly to the thyroid cartilage

A

Epiglottis

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9
Q

Space superior to the epiglottis

A

Vallecula

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10
Q

The epiglottis attaches superior to this

A

Thyroid cartilage

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11
Q

Synovial joint that allows for rotation and gliding of the arytenoid cartilage

A

Cricoarytenoid joint

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12
Q

Membrane connecting the thyroid cartilage to the hyoid bone

A

Thyrohyoid membrane

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13
Q

Extends from thyroid cartilage to the vocal process of the arytenoid cartilages
Directly involved with voice production and respiratory protection

A

Vocal ligament (True cords)

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14
Q

Two sheets of elastic tissue which bridge the gap between the lateral borders of arytenoid and epiglottic cartilages
Located in the upper half of the larynx

A

Quadrangular membrane

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15
Q

The superior border of the quadrangular membrane is free and forms this

A

Aryepiglottic fold

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16
Q

The inferior limit of the quadrangular membrane is the weak vestibular ligament that supports this

A

Vestibular fold (false vocal cord)

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17
Q

Elastic tissue arising from the cricoid cartilage that runs superiorly to the vocal ligament
Located in lower half of larynx

A

Conus elasticus

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18
Q

Space between the vocal folds

A

Glottis

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19
Q

Space above the vocal folds

A

Vestibule (supraglottic space)

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20
Q

Space between true and false cords

A

Ventricle

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21
Q

Actions of the muscles of the larynx (2)

A

Alter tension and length of the vocal cords in the production of voice
Facilitate or prevent the passage of air through the glottis

22
Q

Motor and sensory innervation to larynx
Main nerve

A

Vagus nerve (CN X)

23
Q

Innervation to the cricothyroid muscle

A

External laryngeal nerve (branch of the superior laryngeal nerve of the vagus nerve)

24
Q

Only muscle of the larynx not innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve

A

Cricothyroid muscle

25
Q

Origin of the cricothryoid muscle

A

Cricoid cartilage

26
Q

Insertion of the cricothryoid muscle

A

Inferior horn of the thyroid cartilage

27
Q

Action of the cricothryoid muscle

A

Primary tensor of the true vocal cord
Allows reaching a high note

28
Q

Origin of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscles

A

Cricoid cartilage

29
Q

Insertion of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscles

A

Muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage

30
Q

Action of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscles

A

Abducts the glottis

31
Q

Only abductor of the glottis

A

Posterior cricoarytenoid muscles

32
Q

Origin of the lateral cricoarytenoid muscles

A

Cricoid cartilage

33
Q

Insertion of the lateral cricoarytenoid muscles

A

Muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage

34
Q

Action of the lateral cricoarytenoid muscles

A

Adducts and closes the glottis

35
Q

Contraction of these muscles approximates the laryngeal cartilages and closes the midline

A

Transverse and oblique arytenoid muscles

36
Q

The fibers of the transverse and oblique arytenoid muscles stretch between the posterior surfaces of these

A

Arytenoid cartilages

37
Q

Action of the thyroarytenoid and vocalis muscles

A

Decreases tension on (shortens) the vocal cords

38
Q

Antagonists to the cricothyroid muscle

A

Thyroarytenoid and vocalis muscles

39
Q

Superior arterial supply of the larynx

A

Superior laryngeal artery
(Branch of superior thyroid of external carotid)

40
Q

The superior laryngeal artery is a branch of this

A

Superior thyroid artery

41
Q

Inferior arterial supply of the larynx

A

Inferior laryngeal artery
(From inferior thyroid artery of thyrocervical trunk of subclavian)

42
Q

The inferior laryngeal artery is a branch of this

A

Inferior thyroid artery (of subclavian)

43
Q

Branches of the superior laryngeal nerve

A

External and internal laryngeal nerves

44
Q

The superior laryngeal nerve is a branch of this

A

Vagus nerve

45
Q

Motor innervation to the cricothyroid muscle

A

External laryngeal nerve

46
Q

Sensory innervation above the true vocal cord

A

Internal laryngeal nerve

47
Q

Motor innervation to all the intrinsic laryngeal muscles except the cricothyroid

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

48
Q

Sensory innervation below the true vocal cord

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

49
Q

Injury of this nerve results in vocal fatigue and inability to produce powerful high pitch sound

A

External laryngeal nerve

50
Q

Injury of this nerve results in weakened voice (hoarseness), paresis (temporary paralysis), or permanent vocal paralysis

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

Anatomy (23 decks)

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