Short And Long-term Effects Of Exercise

Question 1

What are the short term effects on the muscular system?

Answer 1

Muscle fatigue
Lactate accumulation
Increase in muscle temperature
Muscle cramp

Question 2

Muscle fatigue:

Answer 2

When your muscles feel weak painful and tired.

Question 3

Lactate accumulation:

Answer 3

When there is not enough oxygen available, your cells respire anaerobically and there is lactate accumulation.

Question 4

Increase in muscle temperature:

Answer 4

During exercise the temperature of your muscles will increase. this is when you undergo a pulse raiser at the start of a warm-up.

Question 5

Muscle cramp:

Answer 5

What a sports person has played for a long time or is suffering dehydration they can suffer cramp. This is a severe type of muscle fatigue causing the muscle to contract in a painful way.

Question 6

What are the short term effects on the cardio-respiratory system?

Answer 6

Increase in heart rate, increase in stroke volume, increasing cardiac output, effects of exercise on breathing, oxygen debt.

Question 7

Increase in heart rate:

Answer 7

Average heart rate at rest is 72 beats per minute. during exercise this increases depending on the intensity of the exercise.

Question 8

Increase in stroke volume:

Answer 8

Stroke volume is the amount of blood ejected by the heart during each beat. At rest stroke volume maybe around 75ml per beat but this will increase when exercising.

Question 9

Increasing in cardiac output:

Answer 9

Cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped by the heart in one minute. When you exercise cardiac output rises as the intensity of the activity increases to meet the body’s need.

Question 10

What two factors is cardiac output determined by?

Answer 10

Heart rate and stroke volume.

Cardiac output = SV X HR

Question 11

Effects of exercise on breathing:

Answer 11

When you exercise you need to bring in more oxygen and get rid of more carbon dioxide. As you exercise the rate and depth of breathing increases.

Question 12

Oxygen debt:

Answer 12

When you exercise hard, you use up more oxygen than you take in. The shortfall creates an oxygen debt. As you recover from exercise you keep breathing deeply so that you can “repay” this oxygen debt.

Question 13

What are the long-term effects on the musculo-skeletal system?

Answer 13

Increasing bone density, increase strength of ligaments and tendons, muscle hypertrophy, rest for adaption and recovery.

Question 14

Increase in bone density:

Answer 14

Weight bearing exercises put bones under stress. In response your body produces more cells that build new bone.

Question 15

Increase strength of ligaments and tendons:

Answer 15

Weight bearing exercise also increases the strength of ligaments and tendons reducing the chance of injury.

Question 16

Muscle hypertrophy:

Answer 16

Strength training affect muscle fibres increasing both size and strength of skeletal muscle.

Question 17

Rest for adaption and recovery:

Answer 17

The body’s ability to react and improved to a training load is known as adaption. Adaption occurs during the recovery process after the training session is completed.

Question 18

What are the long-term effects on the cardiorespiratory system?

Answer 18

Cardiac hypertrophy, decreased resting heart rate, faster recovery rate, increased resting stroke volume, maximum cardiac output, increased capillaries, drop-in resting blood pressure, increased lung capacity/volume and vital capacity, increased number of alveoli.

Question 19

Cardiac hypertrophy:

Answer 19

Training increases the heart muscle in size, thickness and strength.

Question 20

Decreased resting heart rate:

Answer 20

Your resting heart rate is an indication of fitness. The heart rate of a fitter person’s beats fewer times per minute.

Question 21

Faster recovery rate:

Answer 21

This is the speed at which the heart returns to RHR after heart rate.

Question 22

Increased resting stroke volume:

Answer 22

Stroke volume is the amount of blood ejected from the heart per beat. This increases at rest and work.

Question 23

Maximum cardiac output:

Answer 23

Cardiac output is the amount of blood ejected from the heart per minute. This increases due to greater efficiency of the heart.

Question 24

Increase capillaries:

Answer 24

Improved fitness increases the number of capillaries resulting in better delivery of oxygen working muscles.

Question 25

Drop-in resting blood pressure:

Answer 25

This is due to the muscular wall of the veins and arteries becoming more elastic. Exercise also reduces weight in turn which will reduce blood pressure.

Question 26

Increase lung capacity/volume and vital capacity:

Answer 26

Long volume will increase after a sustained period of regular training. Vital capacity will increase as a result of more efficient respiratory system.

Question 27

Increase number of alveoli:

Answer 27

More alveoli become available for gaseous exchange.

Question 28

Increase number of alveoli:

Answer 28

More alveoli become available for gaseous exchange.

Question 29

Increase number of alveoli:

Answer 29

More alveoli become available for gaseous exchange.

Question 30

Increase number of alveoli:

Answer 30

More alveoli become available for gaseous exchange.