Shock

Question 1

Name the three stages of hypovolaemic shock.

Answer 1

1. Non-progressive
2. Progressive
3. Irreversible

Question 2

What happens in the non-progressive stage of shock?

Answer 2

Reflex compensatory mechanism, activated to maintain vital organ perfusion, e.g. baroreceptors, RAAS, vasoconstriction, renal conservation of fluid, decreased urine output.

Question 3

What happens in the progressive phase of hypovolaemic shock?

Answer 3

Tissue hypoperfusion, worsening circulatory and metabolic imbalance, including acidosis. Widespread tissue hypoxia results in anaerobic glycolysis, excess lactic acid production, DIC.

Question 4

What happens in the irreversible phase of hypovolaemic shock.

Answer 4

Cellular and tissue injury. Even if the haemodynamic defects are corrected, survival is not possible. Anuria. Cell necrosis. Death.