Shock Flashcards
Types of shock and how they are caused, how to treat them, and how to identify them
What is Hypovolemic Shock?
Inadequate amount of fluid or volume in the system.
Two Causes of Hypovolemic Shock
Hemorrhagic and Lack of Fluid Volume
What is Cardiogenic Shock?
Shock caused by inadequate pumping action of the heart as a result of myocardial abnormalities
Four Types of Cardiogenic Shock are?
Myocardial infarction
Myocardial Contusion
Dysrhythmias
Congestive Heart Failure
What type of disease can lead to dysrhythmias?
Hypoxia
What is Distributive shock?
Shock due to widespread vasodilation
What are the causes of Distributive shock?
Anaphylactic shock
Septic Shock
Overdose
Psychogenic Shock
Neurogenic Shock
What are the two types of shock?
Compensated Shock and Decompensated shock
Which type of shock is considered “Late Shock”
Decompensated Shock
What is considered “Early Shock”
Compensated shock
What are signs of decompensated shock?
Ashen, Mottled, or cyanotic skin
Dull eyes
Labored or irregular breathing
Falling BP
What is Septic Shock?
Due to severe infections, usually bacteria, the toxins damage the vessel walls causing increased vascular permeability which causes walls to leak and not contract.
What is Neurogenic Shock?
Damage to the spinal cord at the cervical levels causes significant injury to the Nervous system that controls size and muscular tone of blood vessels.
What is Anaphylactic Shock?
Occurs when a person reacts violently to a substance to which he or she has been sensitized.
Skin signs of anaphylactic shock
Flushing, itching, burning over the face and upper part of the chest.
Edema of the face tongue and lips
Pallor skin
Cyanosis around the lips
You suspect your patient is in shock. You note the patient’s skin is pale. This is likely due to ___________.
A. peripheral vasoconstriction
B. peripheral vasodilation
C. an increased heart rate
D. hypothermia
A. peripheral vasoconstriction
Pulmonary edema and impaired ventilation occur during:
A. anaphylactic shock.
B. cardiogenic shock.
C. septic shock.
D. neurogenic shock
B. cardiogenic shock
Your patient is in shock, but the body’s defense mechanisms are currently able to maintain adequate circulation. This is called ___________.
A. irreversible shock
B. late shock
C. compensated shock
D. decompensated shock
C. compensated shock
To protect vital organs, the body compensates by directing blood flow away from organs that are more tolerant of low flow, such as:
A. the brain.
B. the heart.
C. the skin.
D. the lungs.
C. the skin.
Shock due to severe infection is called ________.
A. anaphylactic shock
B. neurogenic shock
C. hypovolemic shock
D. septic shock
D. septic shock
As you approach a patient lying at the side of the roadway, you observe severe bleeding from the leg. What should your first action be?
A. Control the bleeding.
B. Open the airway.
C. Check for a pulse.
D. Administer oxygen.
A. Control the bleeding
Your patient has a decreased cardiac output and poor myocardial contractility. This will likely lead to ___________.
A. hypovolemic shock
B. cardiogenic shock
C. septic shock
D. neurogenic shock
B. cardiogenic shock
Foods, medications, and insects are common causes of ________.
A. septic shock
B. anaphylactic shock
C. neurogenic shock
D. psychogenic shock
B. anaphylactic shock
All of the following conditions should make you suspect shocked, EXCEPT:
A. severe infection
B. anaphylaxis
C. ischemic stroke
D. Spinal injury
C. ischemic stroke
Distributive shock occurs when
A. severe bleeding causes tachycardia in order to distribute blood to the organs faster
B. temporary but severe vasodilation causes a decrease in blood supply to the brain
C. widespread dilation of the blood vessels causes blood to pool in the vascular beds
D. an injury causes restriction of the heart muscle and impairs its pumping function
C. widespread dilation of the blood vessels causes blood to pool in the vascular beds
What is Distributive shock?
Shock due to widespread vasodilation
Neurogenic shock occurs when:
A. failure of the nervous system causes widespread vasodilation.
B. the spinal cord is severed and causes massive hemorrhaging.
C. there is too much blood to fill a smaller vascular container.
D. massive vasoconstriction occurs distal to a spinal cord injury.
A. failure of the nervous system causes widespread vasodilation.
Which of the following clinical signs is unique to anaphylactic shock?
A. pallor
B. dizziness
C. wheezing
D. hypotension
C. wheezing
Which of the following would MOST likely result in hemorrhagic shock?
A. severe vomiting
B. liver laceration
C. excessive sweating
D. repeated diarrhea
B. liver laceration
