Bleeding Flashcards
Signs and Symptoms of internal bleeding
Bruising, hematoma, hematemesis, fractured bones, abdominal distention, signs and symptoms of shock
spurting, bright red blood
artery bleed
steady flow of dark red blood
vein bleed
slow oozing of dark red blood
capillary bleed
What are the smallest arteries?
arterioles
What vessels link arterioles to venules?
capillaries
the liquid part of blood
plasma
what part of the RBC carry O2 and CO2?
hemaglobin
what does the blood use to form blood clots?
platelets
what term is used for the platelets coming together to form a clot?
aggregation
What drug do we use to reduce or stop platelet aggregation?
aspirin
How much blood per kg does an adult have?
70ml
The clot that forms at the surface to stop a bleed is by a process called :
coagulation
A blood filled area of skin caused by blunt trauma :
hematoma
S/S: guarding, rigid/painful abdomen, hypotension
possible internal bleeding
What do we attempt to do first with external bleeding?
apply direct pressure
epistaxis
nose bleed
What do you tell a patient to do when they have a nosebleed?
lean forward
A congenital condition wherein a Pt lacks normal clotting factors:
hemophilia
severe active bleeding
hemorrhage
ecchymosis
A buildup of blood beneath the skin that produces a characteristic blue or black discoloration as the result of an injury; also see contusion.
hematemesis
vomited blood
hematuria
blood in urine
hemoptysis
coughing up blood
If bleeding doesn’t stop with direct pressure what do you do next?
tourniquet
melena
Black, foul-smelling, tarry stool containing digested blood.
vasoconstriction
The narrowing of a blood vessel, such as with hypoperfusion or cold extremities
responsible for the transportation of oxygen to the cells via hemoglobin
carries CO2 away from cells to lungs
red blood cell
fights infection
white blood cells
What carries blood to the heart?
pulmonary vein
What carries blood away from the heart?
pulmonary arteries
How much blood loss will the body be able to tolerate?
nothing greater than 20% of blood volume
What will happen to the vital signs when there is significant blood loss?
Heart rate increases
Resp. rate increases
BP decreases
What type of bleed is the hardest to control?
arterial bleed
What is the most common and effective way to control bleeding?
direct pressure
How long should you hold direct pressure?
uninterrupted pressure for at least 5 minutes
