Respiratory Emergencies Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 branches of air exchange in the lungs, and where does the actual exchange take place?

A

Bronchi (larger)
Bronchioles (smaller)
Alveoli (where actual exchange happens)

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2
Q

Name 5 problems/diseases patients may have that cause dyspnea or hypoxia

A
  • Pulmonary edema
  • Hay fever
  • Pleural effusion
  • Obstruction of airway
  • Hyperventilation syndrome
  • Environmental/industrial exposure
  • Drug overdose
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3
Q

What is hypoxia?

A

Oxygen becomes insufficient to maintain homeostasis

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4
Q

What is dyspnea?

A

sensation of running out of air and not being able to breathe fast or deep enough

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5
Q

Name 5 causes of dyspnea

A
  • Gas exchange obstructed
  • Damaged alveoli
  • Obstructed airway
  • Obstructed blood flow to lungs
  • Excess fluid in pleural space
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6
Q

What is croup?

A

inflammation and swelling of pharynx, larynx, and trachea

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7
Q

What is epiglottitis?

A

Bacterial infection causing inflammation of the epiglottis

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8
Q

What is bronchiolitis?

A

Viral illness causing bronchioles to become inflamed, swell, and fill with mucus

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9
Q

What is pertussis?

A

airborne bacterial infection that causes fever and whooping cough in mostly adolescents

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10
Q

What is acute pulmonary edema?

A

Fluid builds up within alveoli in the lung tissue as a result of congestive heart failure

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11
Q

What is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?

A

slow process of dilation and disruption of airways and alveoli

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12
Q

What is pneumothorax?

A

Accumulation of air in pleural space

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13
Q

What is pleural effusion?

A

Accumulation of fluid outside the lungs

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14
Q

What is pulmonary embolism?

A

A blood clot that circulates through the venous (veins) system

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15
Q

The process in which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the lungs
is called:

A- Respiration
B- Ventilation
C- Metabolism
D- Inhalation

A

A- Respiration

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16
Q

Which of the following respiratory diseases causes obstruction of the lower
airway?

A- Croup
B- Asthma
C- Epiglottitis
D- Laryngitis

A

B- Asthma

17
Q

Which of the following diseases is potentially drug resistant and is thought to be transmitted by coughing?

A- Tuberculosis
B- Croup
C- Diphtheria
D- Epiglottitis

A

A- Tuberculosis

18
Q

All of the following are causes of acute dyspnea, EXCEPT:

A- Asthma
B- Emphysema
C- Pneumothorax
D- Pulmonary embolism

A

B- Emphysema

19
Q

Bronchospasm is MOST often associated with:

A- Asthma
B- Bronchitis
C- Pneumonia
D- Pneumothorax

A

A- Asthma

20
Q

What is emphysema?

A

Disease that causes breathlessness, a form of COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)

21
Q

A sudden onset of difficulty breathing, sharp chest pain, and cyanosis that
persists despite supplemental oxygen is MOST consistent with:

A- severe pneumonia
B- myocardial infarction
C- pulmonary embolism
D- spontaneous pneumothorax

A

C- pulmonary embolism

22
Q

Albuterol, a beta-2 agonist, is the generic name for:

A- Alupent
B- Metaprel
C- Brethine
D- Ventolin

A

D- Ventolin

23
Q

An acute bacterial infection that results in swelling of the flap that covers the
larynx during swallowing is called:

A- croup
B- laryngitis
C- epiglottitis
D- diphtheria

A

C- epiglottitis

24
Q

A 70-year-old man recently had a heart attack and now complains of severe
difficulty breathing, especially when lying flat. He is coughing up pink, frothy
secretions. This patient is MOST likely experiencing:

A- acute right heart failure
B- severe left heart failure
C- an acute onset of bronchitis
D- an acute pulmonary embolism

A

B- severe left heart failure

25
Q

Which of the following patients is breathing adequately?

A- 36 year old man with cyanosis around the lips and irregular respirations
B- 29 year old woman with respirations of 20 breaths/min, who is conscious and alert
C- 22 year old man with labored respirations at a rate of 28 breaths/min an pale skin
D- 59 year old woman with difficulty breathing, whose respirations are rapid and shallow

A

B- 29 year old woman with respiration of 20 breaths/min, who is conscious and alert