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EMT > Medical and Trauma Assessment > Flashcards

Medical and Trauma Assessment Flashcards

to help solidify and understand the assessment process and be prepared to carry it out correctly at the final exam

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NREMT® EMT flashcards
1
Q

What is the first action you should take when arriving at a call?

A

Apply appropriate PPE (verbalize)

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2
Q

What are all the elements of a scene size-up?

A

1) Determine scene safety
2) Determine MOI /or NOI
3) Determine number of patients
4) Request any additional help
5) Consider whether Cspine is necessary

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3
Q

What are the elements of a trauma primary assessment?

A

1) Verbalize a general impression of the patient
2) Determine responsiveness and level of consciousness
3) Determine what the chief complaint is and if there are any life threats.
4) ABCs
5) Identify who your priority patient is and make your transport decision. State GCS here.

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4
Q

What are the elements of a medical primary assessment?

A

1) Verbalize a general impression of the patient
2) Determine responsiveness and level of consciousness
3) Determine what the chief complaint is and if there are any life threats.
4) ABCs
5) Identify who your priority patient is and make your transport decision. State GCS here.

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5
Q

What are the elements of a trauma history taking assessment?

A

1) Obtain baseline vitals
2) Obtain a SAMPLE history

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6
Q

What are the elements of a medical history taking assessment?

A

1) OPQRST and any clarifying questions.
2) SAMPLE
3) Rapid assessment of the affected body parts/systems
4) Obtain Vital signs
5) Obtain additional diagnostic information
6) State your general impression of the patient
7) Verbalize your treatment plan
8) Re-evaluate transport

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7
Q

What are the elements of a trauma secondary assessment?

A

1) Full body palpation
2) Managing secondary injuries and wounds
3) Reassess patient as needed

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8
Q

What are the elements of a medical secondary assessment?

A

1) Repetition of the primary assessment
2) Repetition of vital signs
3) Evaluate how the patient has responded to treatment
3) Repetition of the secondary assessment

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9
Q

What is the purpose of the golden hour?

A

A crucial period immediately after an injury or medical emergency when intervention can offer the highest chance of survival.

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10
Q

What are the platinum 10 minutes?

A

Ideally, the maximum amount of time that should be spent on the initial assessment, intervention, and loading into the ambulance.

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11
Q

According to the golden hour, what is ideally the maximum time to be spent on EMS transport and initial hospital stabilization?

A

30 minutes

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12
Q

According to the golden hour, what is ideally the maximum time between the discovery of the incident and the activation of EMS?

A

20 minutes

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13
Q

XABCs
What is X?

A

Exsanguinating injuries - Any injury causing a severe loss of blood (life-threatening).

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14
Q

ABCs
What is A?

A

Airway

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15
Q

ABCs
What is B?

A

Breathing

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16
Q

ABCs
What is C?

A

Circulation

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17
Q

What are some ways to assess whether injury is immediately life-threatening?

A

If the blood is spurting and bright red (indicates an arterial bleed),
If direct pressure does not stop the bleeding,
If the injury is likely to cause respiratory failure (flail chest, punctured lung, airway obstruction)

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18
Q

What do you check for an adequate airway?

A

Check for any visually obvious airway obstruction, Consider aspiration risk, Listen for audible breath sounds (coughing, wheezing, stridor)

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19
Q

What do you check for adequate breathing?

A

Check for rise and fall of the chest (depth, rate, use of accessory muscles)

20
Q

What do you check for adequate circulation?

A

Check for pulse rate and quality, Assess skin (color, temperature, condition), Assess further for major bleeding, Assess for shock

21
Q

OPQRST
What is O?

A

-Onset-
Did the problem start suddenly, or did it gradually get worse?

22
Q

OPQRST
What is P?

A

-Provocation-
Does anything make the problem better or worse?

23
Q

OPQRST
What is Q?

A

-Quality-
Can you describe what the problem feels like?

24
Q

OPQRST
What is R?

A

-Radiation-
Does the problem feel like it’s going anywhere else in the body?

25
Q

OPQRST
What is S?

A

-Severity-
Can you rate your pain or distress on a scale of 1-10?

26
Q

OPQRST
What is T?

A

-Time-
How long has the problem been going on?

27
Q

SAMPLE
What is S?

A

-Signs and Symptoms-
What do you hear and see? What is the patient complaining about?

28
Q

SAMPLE
What is A?

A

-Allergies-
Are you allergic to anything?

29
Q

SAMPLE
What is M?

A

-Medications-
What medications are you taking? Are there any other substances you have been using?

30
Q

SAMPLE
What is P?

A

-Past Pertinent History-
Have you had any recent medical concerns? Have you had a similar issue before?

31
Q

SAMPLE
What is L?

A

-Last Oral Intake-
When was the last time you ate? What was it?

32
Q

SAMPLE
what is E?

A

-Events leading to the present problem-
What were you doing before this happened/began?

33
Q

What are the main vital signs that need to be taken during the secondary assessment?

A

Pulse, Blood Pressure, Respiratory rate and quality, GCS

34
Q

What are additional vitals you can take to assist further with your diagnosis?

A

Blood glucose test,
SPO2,
Pupil quality and reaction,
Pulse points, motor function, and sensation of extremities,

35
Q

When your team has decided to transport the patient, what is the ideal time to initiate transport?

A

When the XABCs have been addressed, spine stabilization has been completed (if necessary), and as soon as the team is able to move the patient safely.

36
Q

When would you use the APGAR scoring system?

A

Whenever your patient is an infant or child.

37
Q

APGAR
What is the first A?

A

-Appearance-
0 – Cyanotic, Pale all over
1 – Peripheral cyanosis only
2 – Pink

38
Q

APGAR
What is P?

A

-Pulse-
0 – 0 or not palpable
1 – <100 beats per minute
2 – 100-140 beats per minute

39
Q

APGAR
What is G?

A

-Grimace-
0 – No response to stimulation
1 – Grimace or weak cry when stimulated
2 – Strong cry when stimulated

40
Q

APGAR
What is the second A?

A

-Activity-
0 – Floppy, no activity
1 – Some flexion
2 – Well flexed and resisting extension

41
Q

APGAR
What is R?

A

-Respiration-
0 – Apneic
1 – Slow, irregular breathing
2 – Strong cry

42
Q

When would it be most appropriate to consider AVPU in an assessment? What does AVPU check for?

A

Early in the primary assessment. It helps to determine level of consciousness.

43
Q

AVPU
What is A?

A

Alert

44
Q

AVPU
What is V?

A

Verbal

45
Q

AVPU
What is P?

A

Pain

46
Q

AVPU
What is U?

A

Unresponsive

47
Q

When would it be most appropriate to check for DCAP-BTLS?

A

Look for the elements of this acronym during your head-to-toe palpation

EMT (18 decks)

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