Pediatric Emergencies

Question 1

PAT

Answer 1

Pediatric Assessment Triangle
Appearance - Circulation - Work of Breathing

Question 2

Signs of a respiratory Distress in a child

Answer 2

Cyanosis
Tachypnea
Wheezing
sweating

Question 3

TICLS

Answer 3

Tone, Interactiveness, Consolability, Look or Gaze, and Speech or Cry

Question 4

Vitals for Neonates

Answer 4

Pulse Rates - 100 to 180
Respirations - 30 to 60
Systolic BP - 50 to 70
Temperature - 98 to 100

Question 5

Vitals for Infants

Answer 5

Pulse Rate - 100 to 160
Respirations - 25 to 50
Systolic BP - 70 to 95
Temperature - 96.8 to 99.6

Question 6

vitals for Toddlers

Answer 6

Pulse Rate - 90 to 150
Respirations - 20 to 30
Systolic BP - 80 to 100
Temperature - 96.8 to 99.6

Question 7

Leading causes of respiratory distress in children

Answer 7

Asthma, bronchitis, wheeze, and pneumonia, infections causing airway obstruction

Question 8

Signs/Symptoms of Meningitis

Answer 8

Inflammation of the tissues called meninges, caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites. If left untreated it can lead to permanent brain damage or death.

Fever and altered loc
lethargy
inability to understand commands or interact appropriately
can experience seizures

Infants younger than 2 to 3 months can have apnea, cyanosis, fever, a distinct high pitch cry, or hypothermia

Question 9

AVPU

Answer 9

Awake and Alert
Response to Verbal Stimuli
Response to Pain
Unresponsive

Question 10

Accessory Muscles Use

Answer 10

Contractions of the muscles above the clavicle

Question 11

Signs of an Airway Obstruction

Answer 11

Ineffective cough
Inability to cry/speak
Increase respiratory diffusion with stridor
cyanosis
Loss of consciousness

Question 12

Length based Resuscitation Tape

Answer 12

Estimates correct size for airway adjuncts

Question 13

Common Shock Symptoms

Answer 13

Pulse - a weak, thready pulse(anything over 160 beats/min suggests shock in newborns)
Skin - cold and clammy
Capillary Refill Time - Longer than 2 seconds
Color - cyanotic and ashen
Changes in level of conciseness
Tachycardia

Question 14

Signs of Dehydration

Answer 14

Occurs when fluid losses are greater than fluid intake.

Mild - Dry lips and gums, decreased saliva, and fewer wet diapers through out the day
Severe - Lips and gums are extremely dry, eyes may look sunken in, infant may be sleepy and/or irritable, refusing to eat. Skin may be loose or have no elacticity

Question 15

Difference in Percentage of Severe, Moderate, and Minor Burns

Answer 15

Minor - Partial thickness burns involving less than 10% of the body
Moderate - Partial-thickness burns involving 10% to 20% on the body
Severe - Any partial-thickness burn involving more than 20% of the body and any burns involving the hands, feet, face, airway, and genitalia

Question 16

Possible Causes of a Fever in Children

Answer 16

Infection(Pneumonia, meningitis, orburinary tract infection)
Status Epilepticus
Cancer
Drug Ingestion
Arthritis & systemic lupus erythematosus
High Environmental Temperature

Question 17

Signs/Symptoms of Croup

Answer 17

Typically seen between ages 6 months to 3 years

Starts with a cold, cough, and a low grade fever

Question 18

Signs/Symptoms of an Head Injury

Answer 18

Nausea and vomiting. Not to be mistaken for abdominal injury/illness.

Question 19

Signs of a Febrile Seizure

Answer 19

Common between ages of 6 months and 6 years. Typically are a result of high fevers over 2 days. The hallmark signs are stridor and a seal-bark cough

Question 20

Signs/Symptoms of Bronchitis

Answer 20

Specific viral illness of newborns and toddlers

Inflammations of the bronchioles. Spreads through droplets when pediatric patient sneezes or coughs

Signs of dehydrations, whistling sounds in breathing, slight fever or chills

Question 21

Vitals for Preschool Age

Answer 21

Pulse Rate - 80 to 140
Respirations - 20 to 25
Systolic BP - 80 to 100
Temperature - 98.6

Question 22

Vitals for School Age

Answer 22

Pulse Rate - 70 to 120
Respirations - 15 to 20
Systolic BP - 80 to 110
Temperature - 98.6

Question 23

Upper Airway Conditions

Answer 23

Croup
Fever can develop and child’s voice can become hoarse
Seal bark can develop
Epiglottis
Drooling and stridor

Question 24

Lower Airway Conditions

Answer 24

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Tachypneic and Dysneic
Bronchitis
Asthma

Question 25

Signs of Pertussis (Whooping Cough)

Answer 25

Typical signs similar of a common cold: coughing, sneezing, and a runny nose. As it progresses coughing becomes more severe in the distinctive whoop sound

In infants they may develop pneumonia or respiratory failure.

Question 26

Common Causes of Shock

Answer 26

Traumatic injury with blood loss
Dehydration from vomiting or diarrhea
Neurologic injury
Anaphylaxis
Diseases in the heart
Collapsed lung

Question 27

Common causes of Seizures

Answer 27

Head trauma
Seizure disorder
Poisoning
Medications
Lack of oxygen
Infection
fever
Electrolyte imbalance
Child abuse(with head trauma)