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Jenna's Shit List > Shit - GIT UWorld > Flashcards

Shit - GIT UWorld Flashcards

1
Q

Niacin main role and toxicity

A 
Raises HDL (also lowers VLDL and TG synthesis)
Toxicity = flushing, hyperuricemia (ppt gout), hyperglycemia (acanthosis nigracans), hepatitis
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2
Q

Mechanism of base exception repair

A

Glycosylase recognizes deaminated base and removes it
Endonuclease and lyase remove the remaining sugar-Phosphate part
Polymerase puts new base in
ligase seals it

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3
Q

Gastrin on parietal cells

A

Secrete acid

also TROPHIC = parietal cell hyperplasia (seen in ZE)

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4
Q

PPT factors of SMA syndrome

A

Anything that causes decreased mesenteric fat (drops the angle) i.e. catabolism, bed rest
Also scoliosis correction

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5
Q

Superficial inguinal nodes drain:

A

all skin below bellybutton except posterior calf (popliteal)

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6
Q

Arsenic poisoning s/s and Rx

A

s/s = stomach pain, vomiting, delerium, GARLIC breath

Rx = Dimercaprol (which is nephrotoxic and hypertensive)

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7
Q

Cholestyramine AE

A

increased TAG and VLDL synthesis
Increased cholesterol content of bile so cholesterol stones
Decreases statin absorption (give 4 hrs apart)

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8
Q

Oxyphil histo

A

Eosinophils in upper glandular area of mucosa

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9
Q

Signs of poor prognosis in liver failure

A

Prolonged PT, low albumin, high bilirubin

[indicate liver function]

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10
Q

CREST esophagus shit

A

replace muscle with fibrosis –> dilated LES –> reflux -> barretts –> ACA

Esophageal hypomotility

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11
Q

TZDs mechanism

A

binds nuclear receptor PPAR-g to increase adiponektin levels to decrease insulin resistance

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12
Q

Pancreatic pseudocyst lined by; found where

A

granulation tissue and fibroblasts [real cysts = epithelium]

MC in lesser sac; boarders are stomach (ant), transverse colon, and duodenum

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13
Q

NFKB role in inflammation

A

cytokine production

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14
Q

Types of esophagitis and appearance

A 
Eosinophilic = eosinophils, strictures
Reflux = metaplasia
Candida = plaques
CMV = linear ulcers
HSV = punched-out ulcers
Chemical ingestion
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15
Q

colonic diverticula = what kind of diverticulum

A

pulsion

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16
Q

Causes of acute pancreatitis

A

GET SHMASHED
[gallstones, ethanol, trauma, surgery, hypertriglyceridemia, mumps (coxsakie B and myco pneumo), Autoimmune, Scorpion sting, Hypercalcemia, ERCP, Drugs (sulfa, azathioprine, furosemide, valproic acid)

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17
Q

COX-2 and colon cancer

A

INCREASES the risk of adenomatous polyps

18
Q

Arteries that run being posterior duodenum

A

Gastroduodenal

Branches = superior pancreaticoduodenal and right gastroepiploic

19
Q

Malrotation of midgut: GI positioning, s/s

A

Cecum fixed to duodenum in URQ via Ladd bands.
Whole midgut fixed to SMA

s/s =
volvulus
Duodenal obstruction (bilious vomiting)

20
Q

Acute opioids on the GIT

A

Contraction of smooth muscle of sphincter of Oddi –> increase biliary pressure –> biliary colic

21
Q

Which has more acute s/s; hep B or hep C?

A

Hep B - serum-sickness-like: fever, malaise, rash, pruritis, LAD, joint pain

Acute Hep C usually asymptomatic

22
Q

APC gene role:

A

Intracellular adhesion and inhibition of proliferation

23
Q

Boarders of femoral hernias

A 
Medial = inguinal ligament
Lateral = Femoral vein
24
Q

GIT condition mimicking unstable angina

A

Diffuse Esophageal Spasms

- chest pain not relieved by rest and intermittent dysphagia

25
Q

Carcinoid cells

A

Neuroendocrine: APUD/enterochromaffin

26
Q

Drugs to slow down gastric motility

A

Loperamide and diphenoxylate - mu opioid agonists

27
Q

Ribavirin MOA

A

interferes with duplication of viral genetic material

28
Q

Causes of granulomatous bile duct destruction and lymphocyte-rich portal tract infiltrate

A

Primary biliary cirrhosis

Graft vs. host disease

29
Q

Balloon degeneration vs bridging necrosis

A

Balloon = hepatocyte injury

Bridging necrosis = hepatocyte death

30
Q

Increased estrogens in liver failure. mechanism and s/s

A

Decreased estrogen metabolism
Increase SHBG production (binds T more, increase E:T ratio)

Gynecomastia
Spider angiomas
Testicular atrophy
Decreased body hair

31
Q

Ground-Glade hepatocytes =

A

HepB; full of HBsAg

32
Q

MC watershed areas of the bowel

A

Splenic flexure

Distal sigmoid colon

33
Q

Bioavailability (F) =

A

AUC oral / AUC IV

34
Q

NAC mechanism

A

1) Glutathione substitute to detoxify NAPQI
2) Donates sulfhydryl to enhance non-toxic sulfaton elimination of acetaminophen (normal mechanisms @ low doses = sulfation and glucuronide conjugation)

35
Q

Treatments for different types of nausea:

A

Visceral (chemo, GI bug, anesthesia) = 5HT3 antagonist
Vestibular = antimuscarinic and H1G1
Migraine = dopamine antagonists

all are antagonists

36
Q

Secretin test

A

Normally secretin (from duodenum, in response to low pH) causes HCO3- from pancreas and inhibits gastrin release from G-cells

In ZE, secretin stimulation INCREASES gastrin levels
(ZE = ulcers past duodenal bulb

37
Q

Hepatic steatosis mechanism:

A

1) inhibition of FA oxidation by increase NADH form alcohol metabolism
2) decrease lipoprotein synthesis and secretion
3) increased peripheral fat catabolism

38
Q

Enzyme that’s inhibition leads to cholesterol stones

A

7a-hydroxylase

39
Q

Abetalipoproteinemia s/s

A

Malabsorption stuff
SI with foamy cytoplasm
Acanthocytes
Neurological: progressive ataxia and retinitis pigmentosa

40
Q

UC CRC vs. sporatic

A
  • younger
  • early p53 and late APC
  • come form flat lesions (not polypoid)
  • mucinous/signet ring
  • proximal colon
  • multifocal
  • higher grade
41
Q

cause of direct inguinal hernias; covering

A

Weakness of transversals fascia

Covering = only external spermatic fascia

42
Q

Calculating calories

A 
protein = 4
carbs = 4
fat = 9
ethanol = 7

Jenna's Shit List (23 decks)

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