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Jenna's Shit List > Shit - Endo UWorld > Flashcards

Shit - Endo UWorld Flashcards

1
Q

Gastrinoma presentation

A

Refractory ulcers, especially in jejunum (abnormal)

Also abd. pain and diarrhea

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2
Q

MEN 2A+B gene and what that means for lineage

A

RET oncogene

ALL NEURAL CREST CELLS!

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3
Q

Reverse T3: role and synthesis

A

Inactive form of T3 to down regulate the response

Formed via peripheral T4

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4
Q

Aromatase inhibitors

A

anastrozole, letrozole, exemestane

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5
Q

Papillary vs Follicular thyroid cancer

A

Papillary = Orphan annie, nuclear grooves, psammoma, RET/BRAF, childhood irradiation

Follicular = invade capsule, HEMATOGENOUS mets

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6
Q

Esrtogen and TH

A

increases TBG by decreasing catabolism; increased total T4 pool and free T4, but normal T3 .: EUthyroid

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7
Q

Down Syndrome levels

A

1st timester: low PAPP-A, high b-hCG; nuchal translucency and hypo plastic nasal bone

2nd timester: high b-hCG, LOW AFP, low estriol, high inhibin A

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8
Q

MCC of high AFP readings

A

Underestimation of gestational age

(if correct age, then body wall defect or multiple gestations

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9
Q

T2DM MCCD

A

MI

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10
Q

Levels of stuff in Kleinfelters

A

LH and FSH: high
Inhibin and T: low
Sperm count: zero
Estrogen: high [E:T ratio determines extent of feminization/disease]

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11
Q

GH vs IGF-1 effects

A

GH form AP causes increased liver IGF-1 production

GH:

  • insulin resistance
  • lipolysis
  • protein synthesis

IGF-1:
- growth and development of bones, cartilage, soft tissue (muscles)

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12
Q

Excess Iodine effects

A

1) wolf-Chaikoff: inhibition of TPO .: decreased oxidation, iodination (organification), and coupling [.: production]
2) competitive inhibition @ NIS (outcompete smaller amounts of radioactive Iodine in chemical exposures)
3) decrease amount of T3/T4 released

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13
Q

Iodine uptake in DeQuervain subacute thyroiditis

A

Initial thyrotoxicosis via release of stored T3/T4, then hypothyroidism with pain.

NEVER increase iodine uptake! initial thyrotoxicosis via increased release, not increased production.

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14
Q

Ransom receptors that increase or decrease insulin release

A 
Increase:
M3 (Gq)
GCG (Gs/Gq)
B2 (Gs)
GLP-1 (Gs)
Hist (H2)

Decrease:
a2 (Gi)
Somatostatin-2 (Gi)

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15
Q

Winters formula and what it means

A

PaCO2 = [HCO3- * 1.5] + 8 +/- 2

If PaCO2 differs from this predicted PaCO2, then there is a mixed acid-base disorder

i.e. severe DKA, expect low PaCO2 to compensate for metabolic acidosis, but PaCO2 is high indicating respiratory failure (pull. deem or altered mental status) adding a respiratory acidosis on top

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16
Q

DOC for hyperthyroidism

A

Methimazole
Pregnancy = PTU
Thyroid storm = PTU (because also blocks T4 to T3 peripherally)

17
Q

Iodine uptake blockers vs. peripheral conversion blockers

A

Block I- uptake:

  • Perchlorate
  • Pertechnetate
  • Thiocyabate

Block peripheral T4 to T3 conversion:

  • PTU
  • beta blockers
  • ipodate (contrast agent)
18
Q

Cushing disease results in what cellular changes in the adrenals

A

HyperPLASIA of fasiculata and reticularis

also some hyperTROPHY of fasiculata

19
Q

XX with ambiguous genetalia and maternal virilization: enzyme deficient?

A

Aromatase

20
Q

Male-pattern baldness rx

A

finasteride (5a-reductase inhibitor)

Minoxidil

21
Q

What drug to co-administer with flutamide

A

continuous GnRH agonist i.e. leuprolide
[flutamide = non-steroid androgen-R blocker, so will cause feedback up regulation of Testosterone which would nullify the drugs effects]

22
Q

Mechanism of drugs to decrease proptosis/opthamology problems in graves

A

Decrease inflammatory infiltration

[i.e. glucocorticoids; also decrease peripheral T4 to T3]

23
Q

drugs that inhibits DHF

A

Trimethoprim (bacteria)
methotrexate (human)
pyrimethamine (toxo/plasmodia)

24
Q

PCOS DOC and mechanism

A

OCP

Suppress LH, decreasing total androgen production
Increase SHBG - more T bound, less free for virualization

25
Q

Orthostatic HYPERtension =

A

hyperaldosteronism

26
Q

When to use OGTT

A

Gestational DM
CF
When other tests are equivocal

27
Q

bHCG shot for infertility used to mimic what hormone?

A

LH surge (LH, FSH, bHCG all look similar)

28
Q

Best marker for menopause

A

FSH

29
Q

Drugs causing lipodystrophy and lipoatrophy

A 
Lipodystrophy = protease inhibitors
Lipoatrophy = NRTI (stavudine and zidovudine)
30
Q

SGLT-2 inhibitors - check for what

A

BUN + creatinine

Jenna's Shit List (23 decks)

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