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CVSOH 4 > Shelter Medicine > Flashcards

Shelter Medicine Flashcards

1
Q

What is the role of vets in shelter medicine?

A
  • Examining individual cats
  • Designing biosecurity and vaccination programmes
  • Education – disease identification, disease control
  • Assessing housing design
  • Outbreak investigation
  • Behaviour
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2
Q

What are the Cat’s Protection minimum veterinary standards for every cat?

A
  • At least have 1 vet check
  • Checked for chip/chipped
  • Vaccinated
  • Wormed
  • Neutered
  • Test for FIV and FeLV
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3
Q

How are dental procedures done at Cat’s Protection shelters?

A

Any cat with fractured teeth, stomatitis, resorptive lesions, retained deciduous teeth, missing teeth will have dentals

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4
Q

What is the effect on a cat being in a shelter for a long period of time?

A

The longer a cat spends, the more likely they are to get sick

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5
Q

Why are cats in shelters more likely to get sick?

A

Stress and density

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6
Q

What needs to be considered in sheltered when it comes to infectious disease control?

A
  • Incubation time
  • Persistence in environment
  • Mode of transmission
  • Which cats are vulnerable
  • Disinfection – target common parasites, aren’t offensive in smell to cats, non-toxic
  • Fomites
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7
Q

Which infectious diseases affect cat shelters?

A
  • Cat flu
  • Ringworm/dermatophytosis - spreads very quickly, affects kittens and has long treatment so can affect socialisation
  • Infectious diarrhoea
  • FIP
  • Parvovirus
  • Mycobacteria
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8
Q

What is within the infectious disease toolkit at shelters?

A
  • Education
  • Intake checks
  • Screening/testing
  • Biosecurity – cleaning order of more vulnerable cats first
  • Vaccination
  • Housing design
  • Record keeping
  • Isolation – barrier nursing – PPE
  • Intake/movement within shelter
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9
Q

What should you be suspicious of with non-healing wounds in cat shelters?

A

Mycobacterium

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10
Q

How can stress be reduced in cat shelters?

A
  • Other cats
  • Control over the environment
  • Unfamiliar surroundings and smells
  • Interactions and people
  • Enrichment
  • Feliway
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11
Q

Which cats are more likely to be seropositive for feline coronavirus?

A

Cats that spent over 60 days in a shelter 5 times more likely to be seropositive

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12
Q

Why is FIP not included in the Cat’s Protection routine faecal screen?

A

Does this affect what you’re going to do

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13
Q

What is the treatment after diagnosis of FIP in Cat’s Protection shelters?

A

Euthanised FIP positive cat in shelters as new treatments are not financially available to charities

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14
Q

What are the considerations of chronic diseases in cat shelters?

A
  • Can be a challenge to manage successfully in a shelter setting
  • Rehomeability – a cat that will go on to have a good quality of life in a home
  • Consider length of stay
  • Can be a barrier to rehoming
  • Comorbidities
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15
Q

What is the concept of sunk cost fallacy in the context of shelter medicine?

A

Continuing with a treatment plan despite lack of measurable improvement. Feeling unable to stop due to the emotional/financial and time invested, even though cat welfare is compromised with the accumulated time in care

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16
Q

How can sunk cost fallacy be practically avoided in shelter medicine?

A
  • Try to make difficult decisions early on in the investigation of a case
  • Talk to the carer early on about potential euthanasia
  • Discuss the case with colleagues and seek help if you feel a case is likely to have a protracted treatment with an uncertain prognosis at the end of it.
17
Q

What is the approach to chronic kidney disease in cat shelter medicine?

A
  1. Don’t do routine screening geriatric bloods
  2. If clinical signs present – urinalysis
  3. IRIS staging
  4. Rehoming involves thorough conversation with owner and medical summary form
18
Q

How is IRIS staging of chronic kidney disease used in shelter medicine with decision making?

A

Stage 1 – rehome

Stage 2 – substage, looking at proteinuria and blood pressure e

Stage 3 or 4 – not rehomeable, euthanasia

19
Q

What is the approach to hyperthyroidism in cat shelter medicine?

A
  • Assess renal function, comorbidities and suitably for rehoming carefully
  • Bilateral thyroidectomy when possible
  • Rehomed with the condition resolved
20
Q

How are heart murmurs approached in cat shelter medicine?

A
  • Really tricky to balance financial resources of charity vs missing significant disease in a population
  • Heart murmurs are not a reliable indicator of disease
  • Echocardiography
21
Q

How is echocardiography used for decision making in cat shelter medicine?

A
  • Grade 4-6 murmur
  • Arrythmia
  • Gallop rhythm
  • Clinical signs? Realistically in shelter medicine this is an indicator for euthanasia
22
Q

When are no further investigations taken with heart murmurs in cat shelter medicine?

A

Grade 1-3 murmur

23
Q

What is TNR in cat shelter medicine?

A

Trap, neuter, vaccinate, return

24
Q

What are the benefits of TNR of feral cats in shelter medicine?

A
  • Sets up stable, healthy colonies
  • Reduces overpopulation of both feral and domestic populations
  • Wider community
25
Q

What is the aim of TNR in feral cats?

A

To get healthy, neutered cats returned to their site as quickly as possible

26
Q

What is done at feral neutering appointments at shelters?

A
  • Injectable anaesthesia and analgesia
  • Check for a microchip
  • All feral cats will have a health check under GA, neutering, ear tip, single vaccination (RCP only) and parasite treatment if needed
  • FIV/FeLV testing is not routinely done in healthy cats
27
Q

What are the considerations of feral neutering?

A
  • Dissolvable sutures
  • Kittens
  • Pregnancy
  • Lactation – may be feeding other kittens in a colony so spay and get out as quickly as possible so kittens do not starve
  • Cryptorchids
28
Q

What is the Cat’s Protection neutering policy?

A
  • Neutering at 4 months or younger as standard for owned domestic cats
  • Feral cats are neutered from weaning
  • Kittens in care – neutered from 2 days after 1st vaccination
29
Q

What are the advantages of kitten neutering in shelter medicine?

A
  • Quick recovery
  • Small blood vessels – reduced complications
  • Less painful
  • Rescues can neuter before rehoming
  • Reduced time in care
  • Reduce unwanted litters
  • No re-trapping of ferals
  • Nicer surgery
  • Improved surgical skills
  • Good for owners less likely to reattend practice
  • Reduced incidence of pregnant spays, pyometras, mammary tumours
30
Q

What are the disadvantages of kitten neutering in shelter medicine?

A
  • Orthopaedic
  • Urinary
  • Weight gain
31
Q

What are the considerations for kitten neutering?

A
  • Prioritise on surgical list
  • Minimal fasting – 3 hours pre-op to avoid hypoglycaemia
  • Be mindful of hypoglycaemia and hypothermia
  • Surgical differences – small and mobile testicles can appear to be cryptorchid when normal, always have abdominal fluid so don’t panic

CVSOH 4 (25 decks)

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