Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CVSOH 4 > Behaviour > Flashcards

Behaviour Flashcards

1
Q

What is the link between behvaiour and disease?

A

Behavioural changes occur due to alterations in an animal’s motivations this could be due to disease processes as well as emotional disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are stressors and stress responses?

A
  • Stressors are any physical or psychological stimuli that disrupt homeostasis
  • The stress response refers to the physiological and behavioural changes which occur in response to a stressor
  • These can be adaptive and appropriate to the stressor experienced or maladaptive and detrimental to the individual
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How is the stress response mediated?

A

Mediated by the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic-adreno-medullar (SAM) axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the effects of cortisol and adrenaline?

A
  • Increased blood pressure
  • Increased blood glucose
  • Immunosuppression
  • Reduced blood flow to GI system
  • Increased alertness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the sensory component of pain?

A

Transduction (tissue damaging stimuli detected by the nerve endings) > transmission > modulation > projection to the brain > perception in the cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the emotional component of pain?

A

Limbic system, leads to suffering

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the cognitive component of pain?

A

Prefrontal cortex, learning, develop associations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the pain behaviours?

A
  • Aggression – growling, lunging, snapping
  • Hiding away
  • Reluctance to move
  • Lip licking, cowering
  • Trembling/shaking
  • Abnormal repetitive behaviours
  • Altered gait
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the pain classes?

A

Somatic
Visceral
Neuropathic
(Sympathetic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How does acute pain affect behaviour?

A
  • Acute pain is adaptive and helps protect an individual from damage
  • Animals learn to avoid the stimulus in the future
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is nociplastic or maladaptive pain?

A

An abnormal pain state caused by ongoing inflammation and damage of tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is central sensation of chronic pain?

A

Can develop central sensitisation leading to a high state of neuronal reactivity, with hyperalgesia and allodynia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is neuropathic pain?

A

Sudden jumping or starting, followed by anxiety or aggressive behaviour towards those in the vicinity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How can GI health affect behaviour?

A

Pain, inflammation, malabsorption of nutrients and microflora dysbiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the behaviour changes that may occur as a result of GI disease?

A
  • Inappetence
  • Picky eating
  • Struggling to settle
  • Chewing of items
  • Licking surfaces
  • Burying food
  • Anxiety
  • If more motivated to chew items then may see resource guarding of those items
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the behaviour signs to monitor due to GI disease?

A

Appetite at each meal
Plant/grass eating
Licking the environment
Licking themselves
Belching
Weight maintenance
Vomiting
Faecal scoring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the behavioural signs to monitor for urinary disorders?

A
  • Grooming behaviour
  • Location of urination
  • Behaviour displayed whilst toileting e.g. posture adopted, movement, vocalisation
  • Volume of urine passed
  • Frequency of urination
  • Owner reaction when animals urinate in undesired locations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the behavioural signs to monitor for musculoskeletal disease?

A
  • Alterations in toileting – location, posture, incomplete elimination
  • Reluctance to move from resting locations or into car etc
  • Purposeful handling may be painful e.g. harness going on
  • Overgrooming
  • Altered gait/movement
  • Changes in activity levels
  • Noise sensitivity
  • Gait
  • Changes in way moves on stairs, on/off furniture etc
  • Behaviour towards people
  • Reaction to sudden noises
  • Behaviour towards other dogs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the behavioural signs to monitor in dogs for reproductive disorders?

A
  • Bitches less tolerant when in season
  • False pregnancies
  • Male-male aggression
  • Male scent marking, humping
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the behavioural signs to monitor in cats for reproductive disorders?

A
  • Queens’ behaviour when in oestrus – ‘calling’
  • Scent marking
  • Fighting
  • Larger territories
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the behavioural signs of false pregnancies?

A
  • Nesting, digging
  • Carrying items like soft toys
  • Hoarding items and mothering them
  • Aggression around resources
  • Anxiety
  • Unsettled behaviour
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How can the behavioural signs of false pregnancies be managed?

A
  • Can be self-limiting
  • Cabergoline - selective prolactin inhibitor
  • Care not to neuter when in metoestrus, this can lead to a persistent false pregnancy
  • Neuter in anoestrous – ideally 4 months after the end of oestrus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the behavioural signs to monitor of false pregnancies?

A
  • Vulva – swelling and discharge
  • Mammary glands
  • Behaviour towards con-specifics
  • Appetite
  • Behaviour around resources
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the behavioural changes of hyperthyroidism?

A

Hyperactivity, increased vocalisation, aggression, increased appetite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are the behavioural changes of diabetes mellitus?

A

Increased appetite, PU/PD leading to undesirable toileting

26
Q

What are the behavioural changes of hyperadrenocorticism?

A

Increased appetite, PU/PD, aggression, restlessness

27
Q

What are the behavioural changes of hypoadrenocorticism?

A

Lethargy, reduced interaction, V/D, trembling

28
Q

What are the behavioural changes of hepatic diseases?

A

Anorexia, lethargy, circling, pica, head pressing, seizures, abnormal mentation, aggression

29
Q

What are the behavioural changes of renal diseases?

A

PUPD, lethargy, reduced appetite

30
Q

What are the behavioural signs to monitor for endocrine and metabolic diseases>

A
  • Thirst
  • Urination – frequency, location
  • Vocalisation
  • Appetite
  • Behaviour towards people including around resources
  • Circling
  • Pica
31
Q

What are the behavioural signs of space occupying lesions?

A

Progressive symptoms, changes in established behaviours, aggression

32
Q

What are the behavioural signs of hydrocephalus?

A

Circling, altered gait, head pressing, deficits in learning

33
Q

What are the behavioural signs of epilepsy?

A

Altered responsiveness, aggression, repetitive behaviour, lethargy, altered gait, repetitive behaviour, ’fly–snapping’

34
Q

What are the behavioural signs of cognitive dysfunction using DISHAA?

A

Disorientation, reduced
Interactions, altered
Sleep patterns
House soiling
Activity
Anxiety, deficits in learning and memory

35
Q

What are the behvaioural signs of chiari-like malformation/syringomyelia?

A

Phantom scratching, altered gait, avoidance of touch, aggression, anxiety, face rubbing, licking paws, raised head when resting

36
Q

What are the behavioural signs to monitor for neurological conditions?

A
  • Circling, head pressing
  • Sleep patterns
  • Ability to learn new skills
  • Ability to respond to previously learned cues
  • Sleeping posture
37
Q

What is a common displacement behaviour?

A

Grooming

38
Q

What are the behavioural signs to monitor for dermatological conditions?

A
  • Time spent grooming/scratching
  • How easy are they to interrupt
  • When do they tend to groom/scratch
  • Damage to the coat
  • Changes in response to being touched by the owner
39
Q

What are the behavioural signs of reduced vision?

A

Easily startled, aggression, changing relationships with cohabiting dogs, anxiety, disorientation

40
Q

What are the behavioural signs of reduced hearing?

A

Easily startled, aggression, changing relationships with cohabiting dogs, anxiety, disorientation

41
Q

What are the behavioural signs of altered balance?

A

Changes in gait, vomiting

42
Q

What are the behavioural changes to monitor for sensory dysfunctions?

A
  • Responsiveness to stimuli
  • Changes in relationship with cohabiting dogs
  • Ability to navigate new environments
  • Reaction to loud noises
  • Appetite
43
Q

What are later onset noise fears assocaited with?

A

Presence of pain

44
Q

How can stress be linked to physical disease?

A
  • Stress reduction important for reducing risk of recurrence of feline idiopathic cystitis
  • Stress response (sympathetic-adreno-medullar (SAM) axis) leads to reduced gut transit time for diarrhoea
  • Transient hyperglycaemia (cats) – due to noradrenaline release as part of the stress response
  • Chronic stress is associated with immunosuppression
45
Q

What is sensitisation?

A

Repeated exposure to feared stimuli leads to an increased behavioural response

Habituation is the opposite

46
Q

What is classical conditioning?

A

Learning that one thing predicts another - feel fearful when entering the vets practice

47
Q

What is operant conditioning?

A
  • Learning to control outcomes
  • Dog learns that the way to stop a painful injection is to growl and snarl at the vet
48
Q

What are the components of behaviour modification?

A
  • Treat any identified underlying health problems
  • Consider if psycho-active medication may be beneficial
  • Ensure ethological needs are met including sleep
  • Safety measures
  • Avoiding exposure to triggers
  • Change emotional response to triggers
  • Change behavioural response to triggers
49
Q

Describe what determines a case as a training case?

A
  • Animal has simply learnt the wrong response
  • No underpinning negative experience and/or emotion
  • Typically involves changing behaviour only
50
Q

Describe what determines a case as a behaviour case?

A
  • Cause goes beyond learning the wrong thing
  • Usually negative emotions such as fear, anxiety, frustration
  • Human safety concerns - aggression
  • Welfare concerns
  • Training hasn’t worked
  • Behaviour is well established/getting worse
51
Q

How is desensitisation and classical counter-conditioning used?

A
  • Used to treat fears and phobias
  • Dilute and/or split up the stimuli to aid gradual exposure
  • Pair stimuli with something positive in counter-conditioning
52
Q

How is operant counter-conditioning used?

A
  • Response substitution/training an incompatible response
  • Mostly addresses the behaviour rather than the root cause
53
Q

Why use psychoactive medication?

A
  • Reduce fear, anxiety and arousal levels
  • Reduce likelihood of euthanasia or rehoming
  • Reduce stress and self-mutilation
  • reduce risk of injury
54
Q

What are the patient considerations for psychoactive medications?

A
  • Physical health – pain and disease can contribute to unwanted behaviour
  • Preexisting medical problems can influence medication choice
  • Psychoactive medication won’t alter previous learning e.g. negative associations with specific stimuli – behaviour modification is required
  • It can help to alter arousal levels, facilitate learning, reduce fearfulness and anxiety more generally, increase frustration tolerance
55
Q

What are the owner considerations of psychoactive medications?

A
  • Ability to medicate patient
  • Cost
  • Attitude to psychoactive medication and expectations
  • Drugs open to abuse
56
Q

When are psychoactive medications used in behaviour?

A
  • Triggers are ubiquitous or prolonged
  • The individual’s welfare is being compromised
  • Arousal levels are persistently high, inhibiting learning
  • Physical health issues have been ruled out/controlled
  • If required, medication is better used sooner rather than later
57
Q

What are the adverse drug reactions of psychoactive medications?

A
  • SSRIs and TCAs are both protein bound and so can compete with other drugs
  • Drugs can inhibit or induce CP450, this effects plasma concentrations of medications
  • TCAs and SSRIs may reduce seizure thresholds
58
Q

What are the causes of serotonin syndrome?

A

Accidental overdose, combining different serotonergic medications or concurrent use of a medication that inhibits CP450 enzymes involved in metabolising serotonergic medication

Tramadol, amitraz, fentanyl, St John’s Wort, tryptophan

59
Q

What are the symptoms of serotonin syndrome in order of severity?

A

Restlessness, agitation, confusion, aggression, vomiting, diarrhoea, sympathetic activation (mydriasis, tachycardia/pnoea), neurological signs (muscle tremors, ataxia, seizures), coma, death

60
Q

How is serotonin syndrome treated?

A
  • IVFT
  • Induction of emesis
  • Treatment of symptoms (anticonvulsants, antiemetics)
  • Cyproheptadine (5-HT antagonist)
61
Q
A

CVSOH 4 (34 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions