SFST's Certification Flashcards
One Leg Stand 4 clues
- Puts foot down
- Uses arms to balance
- Sways while balancing
- Hopping
Walk and Turn 8 clues
- Cannot keep balance while listening to the instructions.
- Starts too soon.
- Stops while walking.
- Does not touch heel‐to‐toe.
- Steps off the line.
- Uses arms to balance.
- Improper turn.
- Incorrect number of steps.
HGN 3 clues
- Lack of Smooth Pursuit
- Distinct and Sustained Nystagmus at Maximum Deviation
- Onset of Nystagmus Prior to 45 Degrees
beverage alcohol is known as ______.
Ethanol
Ethanol production starts with _____, that is a kind of decomposition in which the sugars in fruit, grains, and other organic materials combine with yeast to produce the chemical we call ethanol
fermentation
Obtaining a higher ethanol content requires a process called ________.
distillation
________ means a Fermented beverage is boiled at a controlled temperature to extract and concentrate the ethanol fumes.
distillation
The process by which happens once the ethanol gets into the stomach it has to move into the blood.
absorption
When the alcohol enters the empty stomach, about _____ of it will make its way directly through the stomach walls.
20%
When the alcohol enters the empty stomach, about ___ will pass through the stomach and enter the small intestine, from which it is readily absorbed into the blood.
80%
When the brain senses food is in the stomach, it commands a muscle at the base of the stomach to constrict and cut off the passage to the small intestine. The muscle is called the ____, or _____.
pylorus;
pyloric valve
Most of the metabolism of alcohol in the body takes place in the ____. An enzyme known as alcohol ________ acts to speed up the reaction of alcohol with oxygen.
liver;
dehydrogenase
On the average, a person’s blood alcohol concentration ‐‐ after reaching peak value ‐‐ will drop by about ____ per hour.
0.015
if a person reaches a maximum BAC of 0.15, it will take about _____ hours for the person to eliminate all of the alcohol.
ten
BAC is expressed in terms of the “number of _____ of ethanol in every 100 milliliters of blood”
grams
BAC is expressed in terms of the “number of grams of ethanol in every ________ of blood”
100 milliliters
The DWI detection process has three phases:
Phase One – ______
Phase Two – ______
Phase Three – _____
- Vehicle in Motion;
- Personal Contact;
- Pre-arrest Screening
Phase One – Vehicle in Motion: Based on this observation, you must decide whether
there is sufficient cause to command the driver to stop.
Phase Two – Personal Contact: Based on this observation, you must decide whether
there is sufficient cause to instruct the driver to step from the vehicle for further investigation.
Phase Three – Pre-arrest Screening: Based on this observation, you must decide whether
there is sufficient probable cause to arrest the driver for DWI.
_______ is the most reliable field sobriety test.
Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus - HGN
In addition to alcohol, drugs such as _____, ______, and _______ cause HGN.
Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants, Inhalants, and Dissociative Anesthetics
HGN is ____ accurate at detecting subjects at or above 0.08 BAC.
88%
Many of the most reliable and useful psychophysical tests employ the concept of ________: they require the subject to concentrate on more than one thing at a time (physical tasks and mental tasks).
divided attention
Examples of divided attention tests include _____ and ______.
Walk and Turn (WAT);
One Leg Stand (OLS)
WAT is ____ accurate at detecting subjects at or above 0.08 BAC.
79%
OLS is ____ accurate at detecting subjects at or above 0.08 BAC.
83%
NHTSA analyzed the original SCRI research laboratory test data and found:
• HGN, by itself, was ____ accurate
• WAT, by itself, was ___ accurate
• OLS, by itself, was ___ accurate
HGN: 77%;
WAT: 68%;
OLS: 65%
The Colorado SFST validation study was: _______
the first full field study that utilized law enforcement personnel experienced in the use of SFSTs
The ________ SFST validation field study was undertaken because of the nationwide trend towards lowering the BAC limits to 0.08
San Diego
The three general categories of nystagmus are:
- ____
- ____
- ____
Vestibular;
Neural;
Pathological Disorders and Diseases
________ occurs when the person is spun around or rotated rapidly, causing the fluid in the inner ear to be disturbed. If it were possible to observe the eyes of a rotating person, they would be seen to jerk noticeably.
Rotational Nystagmus
_____ when the person stops spinning, the fluid in the inner ear remains disturbed for a period of time and the eyes continue to jerk.
Post Rotational Nystagmus
Neither Rotational nor Post Rotational Nystagmus will interfere with the ______ test because of the conditions under which they occur.
HGN
________ occurs when fluid motion in the canals of the vestibular system is stimulated by temperature as by putting warm water in one ear and cold in the other.
Caloric Nystagmus
_____ occurs when a foreign fluid, such as alcohol, that alters the specific gravity of the blood is in unequal concentrations in the blood and the vestibular system. This causes the vestibular system to respond to gravity in certain head positions, resulting in nystagmus.
Positional Alcohol Nystagmus
____ occurs when the eyes fixate on an object that suddenly moves out of sight, or when the eyes watch sharply contrasting moving images. including watching strobe lights, rotating lights, or rapidly moving traffic in close proximity.
Optokinetic Nystagmus
___ is a natural nystagmus that keeps the sensory cells of the eye from tiring. It is the most common type of nystagmus. It happens to all of us, all the time. This type of nystagmus produces extremely minor tremors or jerks of the eyes. These tremors are usually too small to be seen with the naked eye.
Physiological Nystagmus
____ is a form of nystagmus that occurs when the eyes attempt to maintain visual fixation on a stimulus.
Gaze Nystagmus
Gaze Nystagmus is separated into three types:
- ___
- ___
- ___
- Horizontal
- Vertical
- Resting
The examinations you conduct to assess possible medical impairment include:
Equal Pupil Size;
Resting Nystagmus;
Equal Tracking
The _____ SFST validation study was the first full field study that utilized law enforcement personnel experienced in the use of SFSTs.
Colorado
Types of Vestibular Nystagmus:
Rotational Nystagmus,
Post Rotational Nystagmus,
Caloric Nystagmus,
Positional Alcohol Nystagmus
Types of Neural Activity:
Optokinetic Nystagmus,
Physiological Nystagmus,
Gaze Nystagmus
Types of Pathological Disorders and Diseases:
Brain tumors and other brain damage, some diseases of the inner ear. These occur in very few people and in even fewer drivers.
Alternative tests that can be used if HGN, WAT, or OLS can not be used?
Finger Count,
Count Down,
Alphabet
_______ Involuntary jerking of the eyes, occurring as the eyes gaze to the side.
Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus
To prevent Optokinetic Nystagmus an officer may do the following so it will not interfere with the test:
Turn off rotating lights, and
face person away from rapidly moving traffic in close proximity.
The presence of this type of nystagmus is associated with high doses of alcohol for that individual.
Vertical Gaze Nystagmus
