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NCM 112 Lecture (Finals) > Sexually Transmitted Diseases > Flashcards

Sexually Transmitted Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Causative agent: Chlamydial Infection

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

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2
Q

Signs and Symptoms

Mostly asymptomatic
Abnormal genital discharge
Pain during urination

A

Chlamydial Infection

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3
Q

Mode of Transmission: Chlamydial Infection

A

During vaginal, oral, or anal sexual contact with an infected partner

A pregnant woman may pass the infection to her newborn during delivery, with subsequent neonatal eye infection or pneumonia

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4
Q

Complication: Chlamydial Infection

A

Men - Infertility
Women - PID

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5
Q

AIDS

A

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

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6
Q

Immune system disorder occurring in response to exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or a similar human retrovirus

A

AIDS

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7
Q

Causative agent: AIDS

A

HIV virus

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8
Q

Stages of HIV Disease

High levels of viral replication and the killing of CD4 T-Cells, resulting in high levels of HIV in the blood and a dramatic drop in CD4 T-Cell counts

A

Primary Infection/Acute HIV Infection/Acute HIV Syndrome

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8
Q

Intense viral replication and widespread dissemination of HIV throughout the body

A

Primary Infection/Acute HIV Infection/Acute HIV Syndrome

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8
Q

Stages of HIV Disease

A
  1. Primary Infection/Acute HIV Infection/Acute HIV Syndrome
  2. HIV Asymptomatic
  3. HIV Symptomatic
  4. AIDS
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9
Q

Normal CD4 count

A

800 cells/mm^3 of blood

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9
Q

Stages of HIV Disease

More than 500 CD4+ T lymphocytes/mm^3

A

HIV Asymptomatic

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10
Q

Stages of HIV Disease

200 to 499 CD4+ T lymphocyte/mm^3

A

HIV Symptomatic

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11
Q

Stages of HIV Disease

Less than 200 CD4+ T lymphocytes/mm^3

A

AIDS

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12
Q

Signs and Symptoms

Fever; diarrhea; malaise; weight loss;

lymphadenitis; opportunistic infections and malignancies;

positive ELISA/Western blot tests; T4 (CD4) cell count 200/mm3

positive cultures for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia; atypical viral, fungal, and protozoal infections.

A

AIDS

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13
Q

Opportunistic Infections: AIDS

A
  1. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP)
  2. Mycobacterium Avium Complex (MAC)
  3. Tuberculosis
  4. Oral Candidiasis
  5. Cryptococcus neoformans
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14
Q

Opportunistic Infections

The most common OI

A

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP)

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15
Q

Opportunistic Infections

Respiratory failure can develop within 2-3 days of initial symptoms

A

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP)

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16
Q

Signs and Symptoms

Nonproductive cough, fever, chills
SOB, Dyspnea, occasional chest pain
Severe hypoxemia, cyanosis
Tachypnea, altered mental status

A

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP)

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17
Q

Opportunistic Infections

A leading OI in people with AIDS

A

Mycobacterium Avium Complex (MAC)

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18
Q

Opportunistic Infections

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

Tuberculosis

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19
Q

Opportunistic Infections

Tends to occur in injection drug users and other groups with a pre-existing high prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) infection

A

Tuberculosis

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20
Q

Opportunistic Infections

A fungal infection, occurs in nearly all patients with AIDS and AIDS-related conditions

A

Oral Candidiasis

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21
Q

Opportunistic Infections

It is characterized by creamy-white patches in the oral cavity

A

Oral Candidiasis

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22
Q

Opportunistic Infections

Difficult and painful swallowing and retrosternal pain

A

Oral Candidiasis

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23
Q

Opportunistic Infections

A fungal infection

Another common OI among patients with AIDS and cause neurologic disease

A

Cryptococcus Neoformans

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24
Q

Opportunistic Infections

Characterized by symptoms of:
Fever, headache, malaise, stiff neck, nausea
vomiting, mental status changes, seizures

A

Cryptococcus Neoformans

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25
Q

Opportunistic Infections

Diagnosis is confirmed through CSF analysis

A

Cryptococcus Neoformans

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26
Q

HIV related Malignancy

A
  1. Kaposi’s Sarcoma (KS)
  2. B-Cell Lymphomas
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27
Q

HIV related Malignancy

The most common HIV related malignancy

A disease involving the endothelial layer of blood and lymphatic vessels

A

Kaposi’s Sarcoma (KS)

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28
Q

HIV related Malignancy

It is associated with human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8) transmission

A

Kaposi’s Sarcoma

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29
Q

HIV related Malignancy

Brownish pink to deep purple cutaneous lesions appearing anywhere on the body, may be flat or raised and surrounded by ecchymoses (hemorrhagic patches) and edema

A

Kaposi’s Sarcoma (KS)

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30
Q

HIV related Malignancy

Diagnosis of KS is confirmed by biopsy of suspected lesions

A

Kaposi’s Sarcoma (KS)

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31
Q

HIV related Malignancy

The second most common malignancy occurring in people with AIDS

A

B-Cell Lymphomas

32
Q

HIV related Malignancy

AIDS-related lymphomas tend to develop outside the lymph nodes, most commonly in the brain, bone marrow, and GI tract

A

B-Cell Lymphomas

33
Q

An STD caused by a bacterium called neisseria gonorrhoeae

A

Gonorrhea

33
Q

Medical Treatment: AIDS

A
  1. Multiple drug therapy
  2. Supplemental nutrition, antibiotics, and chemotherapy as needed
34
Q

Causative agent: Gonorrhea

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

35
Q

If left untreated, it will lead to:
1. Fever, chills
2. Painful swelling of the genitals and prostate in men

A

Gonorrhea

35
Q

In women, the gonorrhea infection can spread to the uterus and fallopian tubes, resulting in:
1. Sterility, ectopic (tubal) pregnancy
2. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

A

Gonorrhea

35
Q

Signs and Symptoms

in Women:
Painful or burning sensation when urinating

An abnormal vaginal discharge

A

Gonorrhea

36
Q

Medical management: Gonorrhea

A

Ceftriaxone
Cefixime
Ciprofloxacin
Ofloxacin

36
Q

Signs and Symptoms

in Men:
Discharge from the penis and a burning sensation during urination that may be severe

Appear within 2-10 days after sexual contact with an infected partner

A

Gonorrhea

37
Q

An STD caused by a spirochaete bacterium, treponema pallidum

A

Syphilis

38
Q

The route of transmission of syphilis is almost invariably by sexual contact; however, there are examples of direct contact infections like congenital syphilis (transmission from mother to child in utero).

A

Syphilis

38
Q

Causative agent: Syphilis

A

Treponema pallidum

39
Q

Stages of Syphilis

A

Primary Syphilis
Secondary Syphilis
Tertiary Syphilis
Latent Syphilis

40
Q

Stages of Syphilis

Chancres in penis

It is manifested after an incubation of 10-90 days (the average is 21 days) with a primary sore

A

Primary Syphilis

41
Q

Stages of Syphilis

Asymptomatic

Local lymph node swelling can occur

A

Primary Syphilis

42
Q

Stages of Syphilis

Manifested on labia

Characterized by skin rash that appears 1-6 months (commonly 6-8 weeks) after the primary infection

A

Secondary Syphilis

43
Q

Stages of Syphilis

Reddish pink non-itchy rash on the trunk and extremities, involves the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet

A

Secondary Syphilis

44
Q

Syphilis

In moist areas of the body, the rash becomes flat broad whitish lesions called ___________

A

Condylomata lata

45
Q

Stages of Syphilis

In moist areas of the body, the rash becomes flat broad whitish lesions called condylomata lata

A

Secondary Syphilis

46
Q

Stages of Syphilis

Mucous patches may also appear on the genitals or in the mouth:
1. A patient with syphilis is most contagious when he or she has secondary syphilis

A

Secondary Syphilis

46
Q

Stages of Syphilis

Other symptoms common at this stage:
Fever, sore throat, malaise, weight loss, headache, meningismus, enlarged lymph nodes

A

Secondary Syphilis

47
Q

Stages of Syphilis

Occurs from as early as one year after the initial infection but can take up to ten years to manifest - though cases have been reported where this stage has occurred fifty years after initial infection.

A

Tertiary Syphilis

48
Q

Stages of Syphilis

is characterized by soft, tumor-like growths, readily seen in the skin and mucous membranes, but which can occur almost anywhere in the body, often in the skeleton, gumma scars.

A

Tertiary Syphilis

48
Q

Stages of Syphilis

Other characteristics of untreated syphilis include

  1. Charcot’s Joint (Joint deformity)
  2. Clutton’s Joint (bilateral knee effusion)
A

Tertiary Syphilis

48
Q

A diagnostic sign in which the small and irregular pupils constrict in response to focusing the eyes, but not to light

A

Argyll-Robertson pupils

49
Q

Stages of Syphilis

Neurological complications at this stage include:

  1. Generalized paresis of the insane which results in personality changes, changes in emotional affect, hyperactive reflexes
A

Tertiary Syphilis

49
Q

Stages of Syphilis

Defined as having serologic proof of infection without signs and symptoms of disease

It is further described as either early or late

A

Latent Syphilis

49
Q

Stages of Latent Syphilis

May be treated with a single IM injection of long-acting penicillin

A

Early Latent Syphilis

49
Q

aka “Locomotor ataxia”

A disorder of the spinal cord, often results in a characteristic shuffling gait

A

Tabes dorsalis

50
Q

Stages of Latent Syphilis

Defined as having syphilis for one year or less from time of initial infection without signs or symptoms of the disease

A

Early Latent Syphilis

51
Q

Stages of Latent Syphilis

An infection for greater than one year but having no clinical evidence of disease

A

Late Latent Syphilis

51
Q

Stages of Latent Syphilis

The distinction is important for two reasons:
1. Therapy
2. Risk for transmission

Requires three long-acting penicillin injections, each a week apart

A

Late Latent Syphilis

52
Q

Syphilis present in utero and at birth, and occurs when a child is born to a mother with secondary or tertiary syphilis

A

Congenital Syphilis

53
Q

Fetus in the utero is most liable to be infected with syphilis after the 5th month

Children are highly infectious until about 2 years of age

A

Congenital Syphilis

54
Q

Manifestations

Hutchinson’s teeth (centrally notched, widely-spaced peg-shaped upper central incisors)

mulberry molars (sixth year molars with multiple poorly developed cusps)

frontal bossing; saddle nose

poorly developed maxillae
enlarged liver
enlarged spleen
Petechiae and other skin rash
Anemia
lymph node enlargement
Jaundice
pseudoparalysis

A

Congenital Syphilis

55
Q

Treatment: Syphilis

A

Penicillin

Azithromycin

The most effective method is to inject benzathine penicillin into each buttock (procaine is added to make the pain bearable)

56
Q

Largely transmitted through exposure to body fluids containing the virus

This includes:
1. Unprotected sexual contact
2. Blood transfusion
3. Re-use of contaminated needles and syringes
4. Vertical transmission from mother to child during childbirth

A

Hepatitis B

57
Q

Candidiasis, moniliasis, thrush

Etiology: this disease is caused by an infection with candida albicans

A

Moniliasis

58
Q

Causative agent: Moniliasis

A

Candida albicans

59
Q

It is frequently stated that this disease occurs in four groups:

  1. The very young
  2. The very old
  3. Those with reduced resistance
  4. Those on long-term antibiotic therapy or immunosuppression
A

Moniliasis

60
Q

Signs and Symptoms

Cheesy white plaque that looks like milk curds; when rubbed off - it leaves an erythematous and often bleeding site

A

Moniliasis

61
Q

Treatment: Moniliasis

A

Antifungal medications:
1. Nystatin
2. Amphotericin B
3. Clotrimazole
4. Ketoconazole

62
Q

Trich or ping-pong disease

A

Trichomoniasis

63
Q

Causative agent: Trichomoniasis

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

64
Q

It is primarily an infection of the genitourinary tract

A

Trichomoniasis

65
Q

The urethra is the most common site of infection in women

A

Trichomoniasis

66
Q

When women have symptoms, they usually appear within 5-28 days of exposure

A

Trichomoniasis

67
Q

Treatment: Trichomoniasis

A

Metronidazole

both partners receive a one-time loading dose or a smaller dose 3x a day for 1 week

67
Q

Signs and Symptoms

women:
a heavy, yellow-green or gray vaginal discharge, discomfort during intercourse, vaginal odor, and dysuria, Irritation and itching of the female genital area, and on rare occasions, lower abdominal pain also can be present.

The symptoms in men, if present, include a thin, whitish discharge from the penis and painful or difficult urination.

A

Trichomoniasis

NCM 112 Lecture (Finals) (16 decks)

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