Sexually Transmitted Diseases Flashcards by Tim Dola

Causative agent: Chlamydial Infection

Chlamydia trachomatis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Signs and Symptoms

Mostly asymptomatic
Abnormal genital discharge
Pain during urination

Chlamydial Infection

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Mode of Transmission: Chlamydial Infection

During vaginal, oral, or anal sexual contact with an infected partner

A pregnant woman may pass the infection to her newborn during delivery, with subsequent neonatal eye infection or pneumonia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Complication: Chlamydial Infection

Men - Infertility
Women - PID

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

AIDS

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Immune system disorder occurring in response to exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or a similar human retrovirus

AIDS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Causative agent: AIDS

HIV virus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Stages of HIV Disease

High levels of viral replication and the killing of CD4 T-Cells, resulting in high levels of HIV in the blood and a dramatic drop in CD4 T-Cell counts

Primary Infection/Acute HIV Infection/Acute HIV Syndrome

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Intense viral replication and widespread dissemination of HIV throughout the body

Primary Infection/Acute HIV Infection/Acute HIV Syndrome

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Stages of HIV Disease

Primary Infection/Acute HIV Infection/Acute HIV Syndrome
HIV Asymptomatic
HIV Symptomatic
AIDS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Normal CD4 count

800 cells/mm^3 of blood

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Stages of HIV Disease

More than 500 CD4+ T lymphocytes/mm^3

HIV Asymptomatic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Stages of HIV Disease

200 to 499 CD4+ T lymphocyte/mm^3

HIV Symptomatic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Stages of HIV Disease

Less than 200 CD4+ T lymphocytes/mm^3

AIDS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Signs and Symptoms

Fever; diarrhea; malaise; weight loss;

lymphadenitis; opportunistic infections and malignancies;

positive ELISA/Western blot tests; T4 (CD4) cell count 200/mm3

positive cultures for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia; atypical viral, fungal, and protozoal infections.

AIDS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Opportunistic Infections: AIDS

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP)
Mycobacterium Avium Complex (MAC)
Tuberculosis
Oral Candidiasis
Cryptococcus neoformans

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Opportunistic Infections

The most common OI

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Opportunistic Infections

Respiratory failure can develop within 2-3 days of initial symptoms

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Signs and Symptoms

Nonproductive cough, fever, chills
SOB, Dyspnea, occasional chest pain
Severe hypoxemia, cyanosis
Tachypnea, altered mental status

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Opportunistic Infections

A leading OI in people with AIDS

Mycobacterium Avium Complex (MAC)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Opportunistic Infections

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Tuberculosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Opportunistic Infections

Tends to occur in injection drug users and other groups with a pre-existing high prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) infection

Tuberculosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Opportunistic Infections

A fungal infection, occurs in nearly all patients with AIDS and AIDS-related conditions

Oral Candidiasis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Opportunistic Infections

It is characterized by creamy-white patches in the oral cavity

Oral Candidiasis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Opportunistic Infections Difficult and painful swallowing and retrosternal pain

Oral Candidiasis

Opportunistic Infections A fungal infection Another common OI among patients with AIDS and cause neurologic disease

Cryptococcus Neoformans

Opportunistic Infections Characterized by symptoms of: Fever, headache, malaise, stiff neck, nausea vomiting, mental status changes, seizures

Cryptococcus Neoformans

Opportunistic Infections Diagnosis is confirmed through CSF analysis

Cryptococcus Neoformans

HIV related Malignancy

1. Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS) 2. B-Cell Lymphomas

HIV related Malignancy The most common HIV related malignancy A disease involving the endothelial layer of blood and lymphatic vessels

Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS)

HIV related Malignancy It is associated with human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8) transmission

Kaposi's Sarcoma

HIV related Malignancy Brownish pink to deep purple cutaneous lesions appearing anywhere on the body, may be flat or raised and surrounded by ecchymoses (hemorrhagic patches) and edema

Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS)

HIV related Malignancy Diagnosis of KS is confirmed by biopsy of suspected lesions

Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS)

HIV related Malignancy The second most common malignancy occurring in people with AIDS

B-Cell Lymphomas

HIV related Malignancy AIDS-related lymphomas tend to develop outside the lymph nodes, most commonly in the brain, bone marrow, and GI tract

B-Cell Lymphomas

An STD caused by a bacterium called neisseria gonorrhoeae

Gonorrhea

Medical Treatment: AIDS

1. Multiple drug therapy 2. Supplemental nutrition, antibiotics, and chemotherapy as needed

Causative agent: Gonorrhea

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

If left untreated, it will lead to: 1. Fever, chills 2. Painful swelling of the genitals and prostate in men

Gonorrhea

In women, the gonorrhea infection can spread to the uterus and fallopian tubes, resulting in: 1. Sterility, ectopic (tubal) pregnancy 2. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Gonorrhea

Signs and Symptoms in Women: Painful or burning sensation when urinating An abnormal vaginal discharge

Gonorrhea

Medical management: Gonorrhea

Ceftriaxone Cefixime Ciprofloxacin Ofloxacin

Signs and Symptoms in Men: Discharge from the penis and a burning sensation during urination that may be severe Appear within 2-10 days after sexual contact with an infected partner

Gonorrhea

An STD caused by a spirochaete bacterium, treponema pallidum

Syphilis

The route of transmission of syphilis is almost invariably by sexual contact; however, there are examples of direct contact infections like congenital syphilis (transmission from mother to child in utero).

Syphilis

Causative agent: Syphilis

Treponema pallidum

Stages of Syphilis

Primary Syphilis Secondary Syphilis Tertiary Syphilis Latent Syphilis

Stages of Syphilis Chancres in penis It is manifested after an incubation of 10-90 days (the average is 21 days) with a primary sore

Primary Syphilis

Stages of Syphilis Asymptomatic Local lymph node swelling can occur

Primary Syphilis

Stages of Syphilis Manifested on labia Characterized by skin rash that appears 1-6 months (commonly 6-8 weeks) after the primary infection

Secondary Syphilis

Stages of Syphilis Reddish pink non-itchy rash on the trunk and extremities, involves the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet

Secondary Syphilis

Syphilis In moist areas of the body, the rash becomes flat broad whitish lesions called ___________

Condylomata lata

Stages of Syphilis In moist areas of the body, the rash becomes flat broad whitish lesions called condylomata lata

Secondary Syphilis

Stages of Syphilis Mucous patches may also appear on the genitals or in the mouth: 1. A patient with syphilis is most contagious when he or she has secondary syphilis

Secondary Syphilis

Stages of Syphilis Other symptoms common at this stage: Fever, sore throat, malaise, weight loss, headache, meningismus, enlarged lymph nodes

Secondary Syphilis

Stages of Syphilis Occurs from as early as one year after the initial infection but can take up to ten years to manifest - though cases have been reported where this stage has occurred fifty years after initial infection.

Tertiary Syphilis

Stages of Syphilis is characterized by soft, tumor-like growths, readily seen in the skin and mucous membranes, but which can occur almost anywhere in the body, often in the skeleton, gumma scars.

Tertiary Syphilis

Stages of Syphilis Other characteristics of untreated syphilis include 1. Charcot's Joint (Joint deformity) 2. Clutton's Joint (bilateral knee effusion)

Tertiary Syphilis

A diagnostic sign in which the small and irregular pupils constrict in response to focusing the eyes, but not to light

Argyll-Robertson pupils

Stages of Syphilis Neurological complications at this stage include: 1. Generalized paresis of the insane which results in personality changes, changes in emotional affect, hyperactive reflexes

Tertiary Syphilis

Stages of Syphilis Defined as having serologic proof of infection without signs and symptoms of disease It is further described as either early or late

Latent Syphilis

Stages of Latent Syphilis May be treated with a single IM injection of long-acting penicillin

Early Latent Syphilis

aka "Locomotor ataxia" A disorder of the spinal cord, often results in a characteristic shuffling gait

Tabes dorsalis

Stages of Latent Syphilis Defined as having syphilis for one year or less from time of initial infection without signs or symptoms of the disease

Early Latent Syphilis

Stages of Latent Syphilis An infection for greater than one year but having no clinical evidence of disease

Late Latent Syphilis

Stages of Latent Syphilis The distinction is important for two reasons: 1. Therapy 2. Risk for transmission Requires three long-acting penicillin injections, each a week apart

Late Latent Syphilis

Syphilis present in utero and at birth, and occurs when a child is born to a mother with secondary or tertiary syphilis

Congenital Syphilis

Fetus in the utero is most liable to be infected with syphilis after the 5th month Children are highly infectious until about 2 years of age

Congenital Syphilis

Manifestations Hutchinson’s teeth (centrally notched, widely-spaced peg-shaped upper central incisors) mulberry molars (sixth year molars with multiple poorly developed cusps) frontal bossing; saddle nose poorly developed maxillae enlarged liver enlarged spleen Petechiae and other skin rash Anemia lymph node enlargement Jaundice pseudoparalysis

Congenital Syphilis

Treatment: Syphilis

Penicillin Azithromycin The most effective method is to inject benzathine penicillin into each buttock (procaine is added to make the pain bearable)

Largely transmitted through exposure to body fluids containing the virus This includes: 1. Unprotected sexual contact 2. Blood transfusion 3. Re-use of contaminated needles and syringes 4. Vertical transmission from mother to child during childbirth

Hepatitis B

Candidiasis, moniliasis, thrush Etiology: this disease is caused by an infection with candida albicans

Moniliasis

Causative agent: Moniliasis

Candida albicans

It is frequently stated that this disease occurs in four groups: 1. The very young 2. The very old 3. Those with reduced resistance 4. Those on long-term antibiotic therapy or immunosuppression

Moniliasis

Signs and Symptoms Cheesy white plaque that looks like milk curds; when rubbed off - it leaves an erythematous and often bleeding site

Moniliasis

Treatment: Moniliasis

Antifungal medications: 1. Nystatin 2. Amphotericin B 3. Clotrimazole 4. Ketoconazole

Trich or ping-pong disease

Trichomoniasis

Causative agent: Trichomoniasis

Trichomonas vaginalis

It is primarily an infection of the genitourinary tract

Trichomoniasis

The urethra is the most common site of infection in women

Trichomoniasis

When women have symptoms, they usually appear within 5-28 days of exposure

Trichomoniasis

Treatment: Trichomoniasis

Metronidazole both partners receive a one-time loading dose or a smaller dose 3x a day for 1 week

Signs and Symptoms women: a heavy, yellow-green or gray vaginal discharge, discomfort during intercourse, vaginal odor, and dysuria, Irritation and itching of the female genital area, and on rare occasions, lower abdominal pain also can be present. The symptoms in men, if present, include a thin, whitish discharge from the penis and painful or difficult urination.

Trichomoniasis