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NCM 112 Lecture (Finals) > Diseases of the Gastrointestinal Tract > Flashcards

Diseases of the Gastrointestinal Tract Flashcards

1
Q

Enterovirus transmitted by the orofecal route, such as contaminated food

A

Hepatitis A

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2
Q

It causes an acute form of hepatitis and does not have a chronic stage

A

Hepatitis A

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3
Q

aka “Infectious Hepatitis”

A

Hepatitis A

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4
Q

Causative agent: Hepatitis A

A

Hepatitis A Virus (HAV)

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4
Q

Mode of Transmission: Hepatitis A

A
  1. Fecal-oral route
  2. Poor sanitation, person to person contact
  3. Waterborne; foodborne
  4. Possible with oral-anal contact during sex
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5
Q

Incubation period: Hepatitis A

A

15-20 days
average: 30 days

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6
Q

Signs and Symptoms

May occur with or without symptoms
Flu like symptoms

Pre-icteric phase
Icteric phase

A

Hepatitis A

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7
Q

Pre-icteric phase: Hepatitis A

A

Headache
Malaise
Fatigue
Anorexia
Fever

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8
Q

Icteric phase: Hepatitis A

A

Dark urine
Jaundice of the sclera and skin
Tender liver

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9
Q

An infection with Salmonella bacteria

A

Salmonellosis

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10
Q

A gram-negative bacillus with many species including the very pathogenic Salmonella typhi (typhoid fever)

A

Salmonellosis

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11
Q

most persons infected with salmonella develop

A

Diarrhea
Fever
Abdominal cramps 6-72hrs after infection

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12
Q

Usually lasts 4-7 days; most affected persons recover without treatment

A

Salmonellosis

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13
Q

In some persons, the diarrhea may be so severe that the patient needs to be hospitalized

A

Salmonellosis

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14
Q

Signs and Symptoms

Asymptomatic carrier state
Diarrhea with gastroenteritis
Systemic function

A

Salmonellosis

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15
Q

Treatment: Salmonellosis

A

Antibiotics
Client with systemic salmonellosis require antimicrobial therapy

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16
Q

aka “Enteric fever”

A

Typhoid Fever

17
Q

An illness caused by the bacterium salmonella typhi

A

Typhoid Fever

17
Q

Causative agent: Typhoid Fever

A

Salmonella typhi

17
Q

Diagnosis: Typhoid Fever

A

Stool culture

17
Q

It is transmitted by ingestion of food or water contaminated with feces from an infected person

A

Typhoid Fever

17
Q

Signs and Symptoms

Poor appetite, abdominal pain, headaches

Generalized aches and pain, fever over 104F or 39-40C

Lethargy (usually if untreated), intestinal bleeding or perforation (after two to three weeks of the disease)

Diarrhea or constipation

A

Typhoid Fever

18
Q

Treatment: Typhoid Fever

A

Ciprofloxacin
Ceftriaxone
Ampicillin
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

18
Q

An illness involving severe diarrhea that is often associated with blood in the feces

A

Dysentery

19
Q

It is caused by ingestion of food containing bacteria, causing a disease in which inflammation of the intestines affect the body significantly

A

Dysentery

20
Q

Two major types of Dysentery

A
  1. Shigellosis
  2. Amoebic dysentery
21
Q

it is caused by one of several type of shigella bacteria

A

Shigellosis

22
Q

An intestinal infection caused by shigella bacteria

A

Shigellosis

22
Q

It is caused by the amoeba, entamoeba histolytica

A

Amoebic Dysentery

22
Q

Causative agent: Shigellosis

A

Shigella bacteria

22
Q

The bacteria produce toxins that can attach the lining of the large intestine, causing swelling, ulcers on the intestinal wall, and bloody diarrhea

A

Shigellosis

23
Q

Signs and Symptoms

watery diarrhea to bloody diarrhea, abdominal cramps

High fever, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting

Painful bowel movements

A

Shigellosis

24
Q

Treatments: Shigellosis

A

Norfloxacin
Ampicillin
Cotrimoxazole

25
Q

A type of dysentery caused by primarily by the amoeba entamoeba histolytica

A

Amoebic Dysentery

26
Q

Causative agent: Amoebic Dysentery

A

Entamoeba histolytica

27
Q

Signs and Symptoms

Weight loss, anemia, ingestion

Intermittent diarrhea with foul smelling stool

Dehydration, blood and mucous in the stool

Gas and abdominal bloating

Abdominal cramps and tenderness, fever, fatigue, chills

A

Amoebic Dysentery

27
Q

Treatment: Amoebic Dysentery

A
  1. Metronidazole
  2. Bed rest and drinking a solution (containing salt and glucose)
  3. Painkillers and muscle relaxants - stomach or abdominal pain
  4. If dehydration is severe, IVF is required
  5. After treatment, regular stool tests will be taken to ensure the parasite is exterminated completely
27
Q

It is transmitted by contaminated water, and is well known as “traveler’s dysentery” because of its prevalence in developing nations, although it is occasionally seen in industrialized countries

A

Amoebic Dysentery

27
Q

Medical Treatment: Amoebic Dysentery

A

Metronidazole

28
Q

Medical term: fresh blood in stool

A

Hematemesis

NCM 112 Lecture (Finals) (16 decks)

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