Diseases of the Gastrointestinal Tract

Question 1

Enterovirus transmitted by the orofecal route, such as contaminated food

Answer 1

Hepatitis A

Question 2

It causes an acute form of hepatitis and does not have a chronic stage

Answer 2

Hepatitis A

Question 3

aka “Infectious Hepatitis”

Answer 3

Hepatitis A

Question 4

Causative agent: Hepatitis A

Answer 4

Hepatitis A Virus (HAV)

Question 4

Mode of Transmission: Hepatitis A

Answer 4

1. Fecal-oral route
2. Poor sanitation, person to person contact
3. Waterborne; foodborne
4. Possible with oral-anal contact during sex

Question 5

Incubation period: Hepatitis A

Answer 5

15-20 days
average: 30 days

Question 6

Signs and Symptoms

May occur with or without symptoms
Flu like symptoms

Pre-icteric phase
Icteric phase

Answer 6

Hepatitis A

Question 7

Pre-icteric phase: Hepatitis A

Answer 7

Headache
Malaise
Fatigue
Anorexia
Fever

Question 8

Icteric phase: Hepatitis A

Answer 8

Dark urine
Jaundice of the sclera and skin
Tender liver

Question 9

An infection with Salmonella bacteria

Answer 9

Salmonellosis

Question 10

A gram-negative bacillus with many species including the very pathogenic Salmonella typhi (typhoid fever)

Answer 10

Salmonellosis

Question 11

most persons infected with salmonella develop

Answer 11

Diarrhea
Fever
Abdominal cramps 6-72hrs after infection

Question 12

Usually lasts 4-7 days; most affected persons recover without treatment

Answer 12

Salmonellosis

Question 13

In some persons, the diarrhea may be so severe that the patient needs to be hospitalized

Answer 13

Salmonellosis

Question 14

Signs and Symptoms

Asymptomatic carrier state
Diarrhea with gastroenteritis
Systemic function

Answer 14

Salmonellosis

Question 15

Treatment: Salmonellosis

Answer 15

Antibiotics
Client with systemic salmonellosis require antimicrobial therapy

Question 16

aka “Enteric fever”

Answer 16

Typhoid Fever

Question 17

An illness caused by the bacterium salmonella typhi

Answer 17

Typhoid Fever

Question 17

Causative agent: Typhoid Fever

Answer 17

Salmonella typhi

Question 17

Diagnosis: Typhoid Fever

Answer 17

Stool culture

Question 17

It is transmitted by ingestion of food or water contaminated with feces from an infected person

Answer 17

Typhoid Fever

Question 17

Signs and Symptoms

Poor appetite, abdominal pain, headaches

Generalized aches and pain, fever over 104F or 39-40C

Lethargy (usually if untreated), intestinal bleeding or perforation (after two to three weeks of the disease)

Diarrhea or constipation

Answer 17

Typhoid Fever

Question 18

Treatment: Typhoid Fever

Answer 18

Ciprofloxacin
Ceftriaxone
Ampicillin
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

Question 18

An illness involving severe diarrhea that is often associated with blood in the feces

Answer 18

Dysentery

Question 19

It is caused by ingestion of food containing bacteria, causing a disease in which inflammation of the intestines affect the body significantly

Answer 19

Dysentery

Question 20

Two major types of Dysentery

Answer 20

1. Shigellosis 2. Amoebic dysentery

Question 21

it is caused by one of several type of shigella bacteria

Answer 21

Shigellosis

Question 22

An intestinal infection caused by shigella bacteria

Answer 22

Shigellosis

Question 22

It is caused by the amoeba, entamoeba histolytica

Answer 22

Amoebic Dysentery

Question 22

Causative agent: Shigellosis

Answer 22

Shigella bacteria

Question 22

The bacteria produce toxins that can attach the lining of the large intestine, causing swelling, ulcers on the intestinal wall, and bloody diarrhea

Answer 22

Shigellosis

Question 23

Signs and Symptoms watery diarrhea to bloody diarrhea, abdominal cramps High fever, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting Painful bowel movements

Answer 23

Shigellosis

Question 24

Treatments: Shigellosis

Answer 24

Norfloxacin Ampicillin Cotrimoxazole

Question 25

A type of dysentery caused by primarily by the amoeba entamoeba histolytica

Answer 25

Amoebic Dysentery

Question 26

Causative agent: Amoebic Dysentery

Answer 26

Entamoeba histolytica

Question 27

Signs and Symptoms Weight loss, anemia, ingestion Intermittent diarrhea with foul smelling stool Dehydration, blood and mucous in the stool Gas and abdominal bloating Abdominal cramps and tenderness, fever, fatigue, chills

Answer 27

Amoebic Dysentery

Question 27

Treatment: Amoebic Dysentery

Answer 27

1. Metronidazole 2. Bed rest and drinking a solution (containing salt and glucose) 3. Painkillers and muscle relaxants - stomach or abdominal pain 4. If dehydration is severe, IVF is required 5. After treatment, regular stool tests will be taken to ensure the parasite is exterminated completely

Question 27

It is transmitted by contaminated water, and is well known as "traveler's dysentery" because of its prevalence in developing nations, although it is occasionally seen in industrialized countries

Answer 27

Amoebic Dysentery

Question 27

Medical Treatment: Amoebic Dysentery

Answer 27

Metronidazole

Question 28

Medical term: fresh blood in stool

Answer 28

Hematemesis