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NCM 112 Lecture (Finals) > Oncology: Colorectal Cancer > Flashcards

Oncology: Colorectal Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

Equally occurring in men and women (>40yrs old)

A

Colorectal Cancer

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2
Q

Risk factors

Increasing age, Family hx
Previous colon cancer/ polyps

High consumption of alcohol
Cigarette smoking
Obesity

Hx of gastrectomy
Hx of inflammatory bowel disease

Diet (high fat, High Protein, Low fiber )

Genital Cancer/ Breast cancer

A

Colorectal Cancer

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3
Q

Stages of Colon Cancer

Cancer is confirmed to bowel mucosa

A

Dukes A or TNM I

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4
Q

Clinical Manifestations

Change in bowel habits
Passage of blood in/ on stools
Pencil like stool

Unexplained anemia
Anorexia
Weight loss
Fatigue

Dull abdominal pain
Melena
Constipation
Distention

A

Colorectal Cancer

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5
Q

Stages of Colon Cancer

Cancer penetrates the bowel wall and adheres to or invades adjacent organs, lymph nodes are positive

A

Dukes C or TNM III

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6
Q

Stages of Colon Cancer

Cancer extends into muscle serosa, and connective tissue or adheres to or invades other organ

A

Dukes B or TNM II

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7
Q

Stages of Colon Cancer

Cancer metastasizes to distant organs

A

Dukes D or TNM IV

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8
Q

Diagnosis: Colorectal Cancer

A

Digital Rectal Exam Annually (>40yrs)
Occult Stool Exam Annually (>50yrs)
Protosigmoidoscopy
Colonoscopy
Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA)
CT Scan

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9
Q

It has a role as a tumor marker

levels exceeding 10 μg/L are rarely due to benign disease

A

Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA)

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10
Q

A glycoprotein, which is present in normal mucosal cells but increased amounts are associated with adenocarcinoma, especially colorectal cancer

A

Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA)

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11
Q

Interventions: Colorectal Cancer
Surgical

An operation to remove part of the large bowel (colon/intestine) because either it is not working properly or it is diseased

A

Hemicolectomy

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12
Q

Treatment: Colorectal Cancer

A

Surgery
Chemotherapy
Radiation therapy

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13
Q

Interventions: Colorectal Cancer
Surgical

Performed for tumors in the transverse colon

A

Transverse Colectomy

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14
Q

Interventions: Colorectal Cancer
Surgical

Surgery for rectal cancer or anal cancer

A

Miles Procedure

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14
Q

Interventions: Colorectal Cancer
Surgical

Surgical removal of part or all of the sigmoid colon (usually to remove a malignant tumor)

A

Sigmoidectomy

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15
Q

Interventions: Colorectal Cancer
Surgical

Abdominoperineal resection

A

Miles Procedure

NCM 112 Lecture (Finals) (16 decks)

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