Sex & Gender> Child development Flashcards
Define sex
Biological status (male/female)
Define gender
Learned/ cultures status (Masculine/ feminine)
What are the 2 influences?
> Hormonal Influence
>Influence of rearing
Describe pathway of hormonal influence
AFFECTED BY HORMONES
Prenatal hormones–> Genitalia development –> Parent assign & raise accordingly—> gender identity
Describe pathway of influence of rearing
AFFECTED BY HOW PARENTS RAISE YOU
Prenatal hormones–> Genitalia development–> Parent assign & raise accordingly–> gender identity
What is a disorder of sexual development?
> Reproductive/ sexual anatomy not standard for female/ male
>Genitalia does not match with chromosomes
How do parents influence gender identity?
> Role models
Interactions (baby girl use different language than for bay boy)
Gender appropriate toys & activities
Stereotyped adult qualities put on child
Two psychological theories
> Social learning theory
>Cognitive development theory
What is social learning theory
1> Reward for masculine behaviour punish for female behaviour
2>Imitating males
3> Male Identity
What is cognitive development theory
1> Male gender identity comes fist
Know hes male> external factors
2>Masculine behaviour
When does gender identity occur?
2-3 years (point out genders)
When does gender stability occur?
4 years (realise they will be mummy or daddy)
When does gender constancy occur?
4-5 years (Boys don’t change to girls when they have a dress on )
What shapes the gender role?
Family Peers >Encourage separation >Prejudice >Difference School >Structure >Teacher behaviour Media >Females unrepresented >Male characters more exciting & varied Society >Body image
Is there difference in gender and cognitive abilities
> Most models show no difference
