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I&P- Izzy > Associative learning > Flashcards

Associative learning Flashcards

1
Q

Give 3 example of classical conditioning

A

> Pavlov’s prototype
Contiguity & contingency
Previous learnt experience

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2
Q

What are the 2 types of conditioning?

A

> Classical

>Operant

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3
Q

Describe classical conditioning

A

Event 1 >Stimulus
Event 2 > Reward properties
Reinforced> association learnt> response stronger & faster

More sensitive to environment

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4
Q

Describe operant conditioning

A

Event 1> Action
Event 2> Stimulus

How to operate environment

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5
Q

Describe pavlovs dogs
(CS: Conditioned stimulus)
(UCS: Unconditioned stimulus)
(UCR: Unconditioned response)

A 
1
               UCS----> UCR
                (Food)     (Saliva)
CS
(Bell)----> Nothing

2
CS——->UCS—–>UCR

3
CS———————>CR
Acquisition> repsonse learnt for stimuli

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6
Q

Issues with Pavlovs dogs

A

> Temporary contiguity

>Contingency

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7
Q

What is temporary contiguity

A

> CS & UCS must be close

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8
Q

What is contingency

A

> Cognitive view to link relationship between to stimuli

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9
Q

What is spontaneous recovery?

A

> Extinction not unlearning
Learning new association
Stimuli returned> acquisition rate acquired faster

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10
Q

What is Latent inhibition

A

> past learning experience changes> acquisition of new associations
Learn something slower/ faster
Recover faster

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11
Q

Give example of 2 concepts of biological preparedness

A

> Phobias

>Taste aversion

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12
Q

How does taste aversion biologically prepare us?

A

> Bad experience
Unconsciously nausea’s
Don’t touch food again
Selective conditioning

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13
Q

What concept has taste aversion overcome?

A

> Temporary contiguity

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14
Q

Describe the Garcia & Koelling experiment 1966

A 
Water
>Flavoured, light, clicking
Conditioning 
>X-rays, lithium, shock 
Outcome
>Sickness, avoid flavoured H2O pain
>Pain avoid bright noisy H2O
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15
Q

Effetcs of chemotherapy with learnt responses

A

> 20%-40% Anticipatory nausea/ vomiting

>Hospital/ dentist visits

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16
Q

Issues with biological constraints

A

> Second order conditioning
Generalisation
Discrimination

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17
Q

What is second order conditioning

A

> New CS successively paired with old CS

>New CS able to elicit CR

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18
Q

What is generalisation?

A

> Greater similarity of new CS

>More likely to elicit CR

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19
Q

What is discrimination

A

> Responding to differences via reinforcement

20
Q

What is association?

A

> Things that occur together become associated

21
Q

What is law of effect?

A

> Behaviours followed by good thing occur more frequently

22
Q

Types of reinforcement

A

> Primary
Secondary
Social

23
Q

Describe primary reinforcement

A

> Inherently reinforcing (food)

24
Q

Describe secondary reinforcing

A

> Become reinforcing (money)

25
Q

Describe social reinforcement

A

> Consequences of behaviour (Smiling, nodding)

26
Q

What increases responding?

A

> Positive reinforcement

>Negative reinforcement

27
Q

What decreases responding?

A

> Extinction

>Punishment

28
Q

What is positive reinforcement?

A

> Rewards desired behaviour
Ignore undesired behaviour
Interventions

29
Q

Who discovered taste aversion and how?

A

> Seligman

>Sauce bearnaise

30
Q

What is shaping?

A

> Reinforcement of successive approximations of desired behaviour
Until desired behaviour is reached

31
Q

What is chaining

A

> Complex behaviours broken down into parts
Each stage in sequence positive reinforced
Next stage in sequences cued

32
Q

Describe negative reinforcement

A

> Escape/ avoidance of averse event
Baby crying
Adult -ve> Pick u baby
Baby +ve> rewarded for crying

33
Q

What are token economics?

A

> Address behaviours of groups of people
Target behaviours & rewards
Early programme daily spending vs later accumulation

34
Q

What is token economics used in

A

Adult psychiatry 1960/70s
>Coercive & degrading
Schools
Learning disabilities

35
Q

What is an extinction burst?

What is an example of this?

A

> Positive reinforcements to stimuli removed
Behaviour to bring back increases
Spontaneous recovery is an example (bed time crying)

36
Q

What is partial reinforcement?

A

> Only reinforced at certain intervals/ ratios of time

37
Q

What is continuous reinforcement?

A

> Consistent reinforcement

38
Q

What does partial reinforcement lead to?

A

> Extinction effect

39
Q

What is the extinction affect?

A

> Gradually weakening a conditioned response to a stimuli until it stops

40
Q

What are the 2 types of reinforcement schedules ?

A

> Ratio

>Interval

41
Q

Describe ratio schedules

A 
>Fixed every 5 responses
>Vending machine
VS
>Variable eg. average 5 responses
>Slot machine
42
Q

Interval schedules

A 
>Fixed time periods
>Checking mail box
vs
>Variable time periods
>Checking emails
43
Q

What is positive punishment

A

> Averse stimulus added

>Shock/ smacking

44
Q

What is negative punishment

A

> Pleasant stimulus subtracted

>Time out

45
Q

What do ratio vs interval schedules lead to?

A

> Differences in response patterns

46
Q

What happened in Pavlovs experiment when the CS occurred without the UCS

A

> Extinction
Not unlearning response
Learning new repsonse
Bell does not = food

I&P- Izzy (11 decks)

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