Self and social recognition Flashcards
How is self identity a cognitive construct
INTERNALISED VIEW
>Individual view: How you see yourself
>Collective view: How you think others see you
What is self-esteem?
> Self-liking
Self-regard
Self-respect
What is the multi-domain approach?
> Many identities
Several competencies
Behave differently depending on situation
What is linked to low self esteem?
> Personal/ social problems
What can low self esteem lead to?
> Low self efficacy
>Treatment compliance
What is the cycle of low self esteem
Low self esteem—> Negative expectations—> Low effort, high anxiety—> failure—> self blame—> low self esteem
What are domains of competence
> Perceived competence in domain judged important influences self esteem
What is The Looking Glass Self conceptualisation?
> Ourselves as others see us
>Self appraised by others reactions
Who came up with the social comparison theory?
> Festinger
What is the social comparison theory?
> Drive for self evaluation
Compare our self to others >Use social & relationship info
Selective
Functions of social comparison theory
> Validate sown attitudes & behaviours
Self esteem maintenance
Self-serving biases
Downward comparisons
What is a self serving- bias
> Unrealistic optimism
>Unrealistic positive self views
Who came up with unrealistic optimism?
> Weinstein
Where is unrealistic optimism less apparent ?
> Depression
What does media do
> Appearance focused
>Encourages downwards & upwards comparisons
Negatives of social media
> Sleep
Mental health
Cyber bullying
What is damaging about social media comparisons?
> frequency
Developing self concept in young children
>2 years: visual self-concept >Self- categorise >Age >Gender >Appearance
Developing self concepts in older children
> Internal attributes
Likes
>Feelings
Developing self concepts in adolescents
> More subtle
Abstract
Complex
Children concepts of others:
What is perspective talking> what experiment observes it?
> Understanding someone has another view
>3 mountain problem
Children’s concepts of others: Theory of mind
> Ideas on own & others beliefs and feelings
>Autism> poor
What is Baron- Cohens definition of autism?
> Disability in relation to social functioning & adapting to change
When does perceptive and theory of mind occur
> 3-4 years
>Earlier in girls
How do we form impressions of others?
> Physical appearance
First and last impressions
(Primary & recency effect)
Personality traits
What is stereotyping?
> Fixed, over-generalised beliefs> groups & classes
>Use personality traits to describe based on appearance
What are the 3 processes of stereotyping?
> Identify category/ group
Assign features
Generalise features to all in group
Why do we stereotype?
> Understand large amounts of social info
>Cognitive miser
What leads to discriminating?
Negative stereotyping–> Prejudice–> Discrimination
What do stereotyping and perception of others have in common?
> Over- generalisations
Slow to change
Self-fulfilling
Top-down processing
What is the halo effect?
> What is beautiful is good
>Aggregation of other good qualities
What are the determinants of liking?
> Physical attractiveness
Proximity
Familiarity
Similarity
What is assortative mating
> Become more similar
