Cognition & intelligence- Child development Flashcards
What is cognition?
Mental process by which knowledge is acquired, elaborated, stored, retrieved & used
What are the stages of Jean Piaget theory?
- Sensorimotor
- Pre- operational
- Concrete operational
- Formal Operational
Describe sensorimotor
> Birth - 2 years >6 Sub stages >Recognition of self agent of action >Object permanence >Developing memory systems; self recognition >Thinking only by doing
Describe Base line kick experiment
Sensorimotor stage
>Tests developing memory >Attach string >2-3 month old double kicks >Mobile jingles more >Test later> no string
With the base kick experiment how long did each age range’s memory last?
> 2 months = 1 day
3 months = 1 week
6 month = 2 + weeks
8 months abilities
>Obey simple requests >Pint & follow points >Demonstrate affection >Cup to dolls mouth >Shake head >No/ yes >SELF RECOGNITION
What does Schemas mean?
Theories on how physical & social world operates
What does assimilation mean?
Understanding new object
What does accommodation mean
Modifying schema
What does centration mean?
Thinking about one idea at a time to the exclusion of others
When does centration occur
Preoperational stage
What is egocentrism
Self-centred world view
Difficulty taking other peson’s perspective
When does Preoperational stage occur?
2-7 years
Describe 3 mountain problem
Preoperational stage
Able to describe mountain from their view
Cannot describe mountain from dolls view
Constraints of mountain view (PS)
Not put in experienced/ relatable situation
What is the alternative to the mountain problem?
Hide doll from policemen
Success 90% 3-5.5 years
What does operation mean? (PS)
Mental consideration of information in a logical manner
What does conservation mean? (PS)
Understanding that amount in unrelated to appearance
describe conservation of volume (PS)
> Given example of concrete operation
Associated with personal experience
Operational thought is reversible
What occur sin the later stages of development of the preoperational stage
Concrete operational
Formal operational
What is concrete operational?
> Start to think in logical manner
>Thinking in relation to things that are real/ imaginable
What is formal operational?
>Basis of adult thinking >Reasoning in symbolic terms >Consider alternatives >Plans ahead >Systematic testing of hypotheses
What is IQ
Intelligence quotient
How do we calculate IQ
IQ = (Mental age/ chronological age) x 100
What is used now to calculate intelligence?
Tables of standardised age scores
What does IQ mean?
> Assess you to obtain fixed value
Intelligence is caused by genetic inheritance
Social/ racial differences
What does the Wechsler adult intelligence test scale provide?
>Full scale IQ >Verbal comprehension index (VCI) >Perceptual reasoning index (PRI) >Working memory Index (WMI) >Processing Speed Index (PSI)
IQ test uses
> Identifying educational needs
Assessment following neurological trauma, learning disability, cognitive impairment
Predicting school performance/ job success
Limitations of IQ
> Stable?
>Does not measure underlying competence/ world skills
What are some newer approaches to measuring intelligence?
> Multiple intelligence
>emotional intelligence
what is cerebral lateralisation?
> Different regions of the brain control different functions and behaviours
Left and right side of brain
Language abilities
What is left hemisphere dominant for?
> Complex language functions
Complex logical functions
Mathematical computations
What is right hemisphere dominant for?
> Simple language functions
Spatial & pattern abilities
Emotional recognition
Remove connection between right and left hemisphere what happens when left retina sees work face?
> Processed by right hemisphere
Cannot share info to left
Cannot say face
Can draw face
Contra-lateral rule (visual perception)
> Left visual field processed by right hemisphere
>Right visual field processed by left hemisphere
What is commissurotomy (split brain syndrome)?
surgical division of the corpus callosum (L & R brain) To reduce severity of epilepsy
