Child development - language

Question 1

What 4 things does a proficient language user need knowledge of?

Answer 1

> Phonology
Semantics
Syntax
Pragmatics

Question 2

Whats phonology?

Answer 2

Sound system
>Phonemes- limits set
>Group characteristics of each language
Combination rules for meaningful speech
>St/ Sk
>Not sb/ sg

Question 3

What is semantics?

Answer 3

Expressed meaning of words & sentences
>Morphemes
>Smallest linguistic units> carry meaning

Question 4

What is Syntax?

Answer 4

Structure of language

>Combination of rules = meaningful sentence

Question 5

What is pragmatics?

Answer 5

Rules about language in social context

Question 6

What are 3 forms of vocalisation in the pre-linguistic period? When do they occur

Answer 6

> Crying (2-4 weeks)
Cooing (3-5 weeks onwards)
Babbling (3-4 months)

Question 7

How long does the pre-linguistic period
last?
What features are learned?

Answer 7

0-12 months
>Turn taking- intonation
>Words have meaning

Question 8

What occurs at 8-12 months

Answer 8

> Associate object with name

>Verbal labels- not representations

Question 9

18 -24 months

Answer 9

Telegraphic speech
>True symbolic representation
>Word substitute for object
>Used for communication
>2 word utterances `

Question 10

12 months

Answer 10

> Single word utterances
Word as representation of objects
Overextending

Question 11

How in language learnt?

Answer 11

Joint involvement
>Social input
>1 to 1 sessions with sensitive adult
>Good predictor of vocabulary

Question 12

2 + years

Answer 12

>Verbs
>Compound sentences
>Past tense
>Logical errors
>All show inc in complexity

Question 13

3-5 years

Answer 13

> Interest in rhymes & songs
Commentaries during play
Pre-sleep monologues
All show the emergence of narrative

Question 14

How is language acquired ?

Answer 14

> Contrasting view (Skinnier/ chunkier)

>Learned language vs universal grammar

Question 15

What is language acquisition

Answer 15

> Aspects of a language is already hard wired into our brain
Need stimulus to activate them
Universal grammar in all of us

Question 16

Why do we believe language is biologically programmed?

Answer 16

Spontaneity of language
>Reinvented, generation after generation
Critical period hypothesis
Comparison with animal communication

Question 17

When is the sensitive (non critical period) in the critical period theory

Answer 17

> Before 12
Bilingual no accent
Recovery of language after had injury

Question 18

Who came up with the critical period theory

Answer 18

> Lenneberg

Question 19

What have animals shown

Answer 19

> Primates >american sign language
Poor syntax
Basic acquisition skills

Question 20

How do deaf children with deaf parents develop?

Answer 20

> Similar language milestones

Question 21

How do deaf children with hearing parents develop

Answer 21

> Home sign> spontaneous language

Question 22

What does left hemisphere control?

Answer 22

> Complex language functions
Complex logical activities
Mathematical computations

Question 23

What does the right hemisphere control?

Answer 23

> Simple language functions
Spatial & pattern abilities
Emotional recognition

Question 24

What is damaged in expressive aphasia

Answer 24

> Brocas area

Question 25

What happens to speech in expressive aphasia

Answer 25

> Halting
Hesitant
Difficulty finding words

Question 26

What happens in receptive aphasia

Answer 26

Damage to Wernicke’s area

Question 27

What happens to speech in aphasia?

Answer 27

> Fluent
Grammatical
No content
Nonsense

Question 28

What happens to comprehension in receptive aphasia?

Answer 28

> Seriously impaired

Question 29

What areas and order of the brain are used with speaking a heard word?

Answer 29

> Primary auditory area
Wernicke’s area
Brocas area
Motor area

Question 30

What areas and order of the brain are used in speaking the written word ?

Answer 30

>Primary visual area 
>Angular area
>Wernickes area
>Brocas area 
>Motor area

Question 31

What is motherese?

Answer 31

Baby talk