Child development - language Flashcards
What 4 things does a proficient language user need knowledge of?
> Phonology
Semantics
Syntax
Pragmatics
Whats phonology?
Sound system >Phonemes- limits set >Group characteristics of each language Combination rules for meaningful speech >St/ Sk >Not sb/ sg
What is semantics?
Expressed meaning of words & sentences
>Morphemes
>Smallest linguistic units> carry meaning
What is Syntax?
Structure of language
>Combination of rules = meaningful sentence
What is pragmatics?
Rules about language in social context
What are 3 forms of vocalisation in the pre-linguistic period? When do they occur
> Crying (2-4 weeks)
Cooing (3-5 weeks onwards)
Babbling (3-4 months)
How long does the pre-linguistic period
last?
What features are learned?
0-12 months
>Turn taking- intonation
>Words have meaning
What occurs at 8-12 months
> Associate object with name
>Verbal labels- not representations
18 -24 months
Telegraphic speech >True symbolic representation >Word substitute for object >Used for communication >2 word utterances `
12 months
> Single word utterances
Word as representation of objects
Overextending
How in language learnt?
Joint involvement
>Social input
>1 to 1 sessions with sensitive adult
>Good predictor of vocabulary
2 + years
>Verbs >Compound sentences >Past tense >Logical errors >All show inc in complexity
3-5 years
> Interest in rhymes & songs
Commentaries during play
Pre-sleep monologues
All show the emergence of narrative
How is language acquired ?
> Contrasting view (Skinnier/ chunkier)
>Learned language vs universal grammar
What is language acquisition
> Aspects of a language is already hard wired into our brain
Need stimulus to activate them
Universal grammar in all of us
Why do we believe language is biologically programmed?
Spontaneity of language
>Reinvented, generation after generation
Critical period hypothesis
Comparison with animal communication
When is the sensitive (non critical period) in the critical period theory
> Before 12
Bilingual no accent
Recovery of language after had injury
Who came up with the critical period theory
> Lenneberg
What have animals shown
> Primates >american sign language
Poor syntax
Basic acquisition skills
How do deaf children with deaf parents develop?
> Similar language milestones
How do deaf children with hearing parents develop
> Home sign> spontaneous language
What does left hemisphere control?
> Complex language functions
Complex logical activities
Mathematical computations
What does the right hemisphere control?
> Simple language functions
Spatial & pattern abilities
Emotional recognition
What is damaged in expressive aphasia
> Brocas area
What happens to speech in expressive aphasia
> Halting
Hesitant
Difficulty finding words
What happens in receptive aphasia
Damage to Wernicke’s area
What happens to speech in aphasia?
> Fluent
Grammatical
No content
Nonsense
What happens to comprehension in receptive aphasia?
> Seriously impaired
What areas and order of the brain are used with speaking a heard word?
> Primary auditory area
Wernicke’s area
Brocas area
Motor area
What areas and order of the brain are used in speaking the written word ?
>Primary visual area >Angular area >Wernickes area >Brocas area >Motor area
What is motherese?
Baby talk
