Attachment - Child development Flashcards
Who came up with emerging adulthood theory
Jefferey Arnett
What is emerging adult hood theory?
> Developed countries
Re-evaluation of parent-child relationship
Dependent to adult
What time period does emerging adult theory last?
18-25
Who came up with attachment theory
John Bowlby
What is attachment theory?
Early life experiences influence adult functioning and vulnerability to psychopathology
What causes secure attachment?
Providing kids with space to learn & gain activities
Positive internal working models of secure attachment?
Child-self view
Self- relation to others
Social competence
What emotional regulation abilities are caused by secure attachment?
Expression & Recognition
Avoiding anxiety
Dealing with stress
What are the attachment types?
Secure
Insecure (Avoidant)
Insecure (Resistant)
Disorganised
Attachment style characteristics (Ainsworth)
Secure >Distress when mother leaves >Greets mum on return Avoidant >No distress when mum leaves >Focus on environment Ambivalent/ resistant >Very upset on departure >Explores little >Hard to console
Resulting adult characteristic
Secure >Comfortable in relationships >Seek support from partners Avoidant--> Dismissing >Greater sense of autonomy >Emotionally cut off Ambivalent/ Resistant >Fears rejection >Strong desire to maintain closemess
What are the two primary care behaviours?
Caregiver
Mind-mindedness
Describe caregiver behaviour
> Sees signals in infant behaviour> responds
>Provides needs does not treat as individual
Describe mind-mindedness behaviour
> Treat as individual> own minds
Tune into thoughts & feelings
Appropriate vs non- attuned behaviour
What can cause separation during childhood?
> Hospital care
Parental divorce
Bereavement
What are the stages in attachment development?
> 0-2 months Pre-attachment
2-7 months Attachment-in-the-making
7-24 months clear-cut attachment
24 months + Goal-corrected partnership
When does stranger anxiety occur
10 months
When does separation distress occur
12 months
What did Harlow do?
Explore child development through experiments on monkeys
What Harlow discover about attachment in young children ?
> Selective
Involve physical proximity seeking
Provide comfort & security
Produce separation distress
What key maternal qualities dis Harlow discover
> Food
Warmth
Contact
Rocking
What are the stages of secure attachment
>Mutual responsiveness >Attachment grows >Exploration grows >Autonomy grows (look at Power Point more detail)
What is strange situation who invented it?
Ainsworth >Child and other togehter >Stranger enters >Mother leaves >Child left alone with stranger >Mother returns
What age range does the stranger situation focus on?
0-12 months
What can cause attachment status to change?
> Pathways to other attachments> peer relationships
What issue can attachment issues lead to?
> Inter-generational continuity
What has been done to change attachment status ?
> Interventions
>Sure start
Child’s internal working model
look on power point
Why does insecure attachment does not mean no attachment ?
> Quality of close relationships
>Not personality trait
