Settlement Flashcards
The Celts
Came from central Europe and spread to France and Spain
In 600BC small group of celts came to Ireland
A major group of Celts migrated to Ireland 350BC
They brought new skills (mastered the use of iron making)
Traces of settlements e.g Ringforts and Hillforts e.g Rathdrum, Dundrum
Early Irish settlement locations (mesolithic, neolithic and bronze age)
First settlers came on land bridges in the north east and east coast
In river banks, coastal estuaries and near lakes for fresh water and food supply
Near rich farmland for rearing cattle and on upland areas where soils are light and easy to till, easy to defend when attacked
Nucleated settlements
When houses and buildings are built together in a group or cluster
The Normans settlement
12th century, Ireland was invaded by the Normans
They colonised south- east coast where there was fertile brown earth soils
Built motte and bailey and stone castles on defensive sites, crossing points of rivers
Many important towns in Ireland were built by Normans e.g Kilkenny and Athlone
Plantations
16thq and 17th century various attempts were made by the English to bring Ireland under control of the British Monarch
By introducing plantaions and built plantation towns
Such as Birr and Portlaois, Bandon, Donegak, Derry
The towns with the best trade grew quickly and Dublin as the English capital in Ireland grew rapidly
The primacy of Dublin
The seat of the government
Ireland’s chief port
The centre or Irelands road and railway network
Ireland’s most important financial centre
The most important centre for shopping, tourism, education and health
A multi functional city whos functions have changed in years
Limerick city defensive function, market function, residential function,
Defensive function in limerick
822 Vikings settled developed by Normans in later centuries
King Johns Castle was built in the beginning of the 13century city walls built over time
The city played a huge role in the Willamite Wars 1689-91
King Williams siege of the city ended with the Treaty of Limerick
Market functionin Limerick
Located at the lowest bridge point of River shannon and became route focus in North Munster and grew as a market centre over time
Limerick’s port function helped the city grow too
It is now a major shopping centre for the mid west of Ireland
It has major department stores and suburban shopping centres
Residential function in Limerick
Has a population of around 52,000
Employees of Shannon Airport and at Shannon Industrial estates live in Limerick
It also has a University causing it to expand as an educational centre,
Lecturers, medical staff and manufacturing staff require housing in nearby towns
Rotterdam
Europes largest port amoung the largest in the world
Docks warehouses amd oil terminals line each side of the river from Rotterdam to the mouth if the Rhine a distance if 27km
Cities of the Ruhr
A group of cities that developed on the Ruhr coalfield
Cities grew as resource based settlements
Cities were home to coal miners worked in coal pits til 1950s
Now it is a great manufacturing region
Rudesheim and Heidelberg recreational settlement
The rhine supports a great tourist industry
Cruise boats carry tourists through the Rhinelands everyday
Rudesheim is a recreational settlement and famous castle in Heidelberg is a tourist attraction
Köln
Switzerlands port located 100s of kms from the sea
Barges unload imports for the Swiss economy
E.g Minerals, timber coal
Functions in the Köln
Market function
Recreational function
Port function
