Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

UWorld > Set 7 (Vascular) > Flashcards

Set 7 (Vascular) Flashcards

1
Q

Diastolic

Opening snap

A

Mitral valve stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Xanthoma

Premature coronary dz and PVD

A

Familial dysbetalipoproteinemia

Type III hyperlipoproteinemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

APOA-I

A

LCAT activation (cholesterol esterification in HDL)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

APOB-48

A

Intestine chylomicron assembly and secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

ApoB-100

A

EXTRAhepatic cell LDL particle uptake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

ApoC-II

A 
LPL activation
(c= "cut" up chylomicrones)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ApoE3, ApoE4

A

LIVER: VLDL and chylomicron remnant uptake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

ApoC-II deficiency

A

hyperCHYLOMICRONemia

Type 1 hyperlipoproteinemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

ApoA-1 and LCAT deficiency

A

Low HDL

Increased circulating free cholesterol levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Epidural hematoma: BP and HR

A

HYPERtension
BRADYcardia
(Cushing’s response to increased ICP)

(If herniation –> HYPOtension)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

IVC is formed by?

A

Union of common iliac vein (L4-5)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Thoracic duct enter thrax through?

A

Aortic hiatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Great saphenous vein location

A

Originates on MEDIAL side of foot
Course anterior to medial malleolus
Drain into femoral vein inferolateral to pubic tubercle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Penetrating injury to region below ASIS

A

Damage:

Lateral cutaneous n. of thigh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Femoral triangle

A 
Inguinal ligament (superior)
Sartorius muscle (lateral)
Adductor longus (medial)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Berkson’s bias

A

Selection bias (by selecting hospitalized patients as CONTROL group)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

ACE inhibitor –> raise in serum creatinine

A

Blocks efferent arteriole vasoconstriction (decrease GFR)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Drug induced GLOMERULAR dz

A

Immune mediated usually:

Heroin, Pamidronate –> focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

Gold therapy –> membranous nephropathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Drug induced TUBULAR necrosis

A 
Direct toxicity or Ischemic
Aminoglycosides, Amphotericin B
Foscarnet
Cisplatin
Radiocontrast media
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Highest oxygen extraction

A

Myocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

DOC for pts:

Diabetes + HTN

A

ACEI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Thiazides are NOT first line for these HTN patients

A

Diabetic
Gout
Hypercalcemiain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Eplerenone

A

Aldosterone antagonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

HTN + Cardiovascular dz: first line?

A 
Cardioselective BB
(Carvedilol, Metoprolol, Bisoprolol)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

AV shunt: effect on heart

A

Increased preload
Decrease afterload
(can result in HIGH output cardiac failure)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Compare two means vs. Compare categorical data

A

Means: two-sample T test
Categorical: Chi-square

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

ANP and BMP activate?

A

Guanylate cycalse (increase cGMP) –> vasodilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q 
a wave
c wave
x wave
v wave
y wave
A 
a= atrial contraction
c= tricuspid valve bulging (RV contraction)
x= right atrial relaxation
v= continued inflow of venous blood
y= passive emptying of right atrium after tricuspid valve opening
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

JVD Wave that is absent in patinet w/ atrial fibrillation

A

Atrial fibrillation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Calcification and thickening of pericardium >4mm

A

Constrictive pericarditis
(slowly progressive dyspnea, peripheral edema, ascites)
(radiation therapy, cardiac surgery, TB)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

All nitrates cause A/E of?

A

Headache
Facial flushing
(vasodilatory effect in meninges and skin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Urinary retention: caused by what drugs?

A 
Anticholinergics (atropine)
Anticholinergic effects (TCA, antihistamines)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Cold extremities may be A/E of what drugs?

A

BB

Ergotamine (migraine headaches)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Thiazide: A/E

A

HYPER: uricemia, calcemia, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Nephrolithiasis + HTN: can use?

A

Thiazide (decrease hyperURIcemia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Myopathy: lipid drugs combination

A

Statins (myopathy)
+
Fibrates (gem increase cc of most statins, feonofibrate cause myopathy itself)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Cholesterol stone: lipid drug combination

A

Fibrates
+
Bile acid-binding resins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

First dose hypotension

A

ACEI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Lower LDL but Significantly increase TG

A

Bile acid-binding resins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Ezetimibe used mainly for?

A

Hypercholesterolemia (high LDL)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Fibrates are used for?

A

HyperTG

HyperTG can cause pancreatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Niacin: drug interference

A

Niacin = vasodilatory + insulin resistance so:
Decrease needed dose of HTN meds
Increase needed dose of Diabetic meds

43
Q

Conn’s Syndrome

A

Aldosterone secreting adenoma

44
Q

Aldosterone causes?

A

Sodium and Water reabsorption

K+ and H+ wasting (alkalosis)

45
Q

Aldosterone antagonist (for treating Conn’s syndrome)

A

Eplerenone

Spironolactone

46
Q

Migratory thrombophlebitis (Trousseau’s syndrome)

A

Cancer or Small vessel hypersensitivity type vasculitis

47
Q

Use for intermittent claudication

A

Cilostazol

PDE inhibitor/inhibit platelet aggregation; direct arterial vasodilator

48
Q

Increase platelet cAMP

A

DECREASE aggregation

49
Q

Dipyridamole

Cilostazol

A

Decrease activity of platelet phosphodiesterase

Increase cAMP –> decrease platelet aggregation

50
Q

Argatorban

A

Direct thrombin inhibitor

for tx of: Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia

51
Q

tPA: MOA

A

Convert plasminogen to plasmin (fibrinolysis)

52
Q

Ticlopidine

Clopidogrel

A

Block ADP receptor (NOT allowing IIb/IIA receptor to work properly)

53
Q

Abciximab

A

Inhibit platelet aggreagtion (target IIb/IIA receptor)

Percutaneous coronary intervention

54
Q

Tx of PVD: aspirin or Cilostazol

A

Cilostazol (anti-platelet aggregation, vasodilator)

55
Q

Phenylephrine

A

Alpha AGONIST

56
Q

Dopamine: low, high, higher dose

A

Low: D1 receptor: vasodilation of renal/mesenteric vasculature
High: B1 receptor
Higher: A1 receptor

57
Q

Carcinoid syndrome: heart

A

RIGHT sided endocardial fibrosis –> pulmonary stenosis/restrictive CM

58
Q

Syncope
Angina
Dyspnea

A

Aortic stenosis triad

59
Q

Rheumatic heart dz
vs.
Infective endocarditis
(aortic valves)

A

Rheumatic: regurg and stenosis
Endocarditis: regurg

60
Q

Common cardinal v.

A

SVC

Systemic venous circulation

61
Q

Genomic imprinting is produced by?

A

DNA methylation

62
Q

Granulomatous inflammation of media

A

Temporal (Giant cell) arteritis

63
Q

Transmural inflammation of arterial wall w/ FIBRINOID necrosis

A

PAN

64
Q

Hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis

A

Malignant HTN

onion-like concentric thickening or arteriolar walls

65
Q

Nitrate w/ 100% bioavailability

A

Isosorbide mononitrate

active metabolite of isosorbide dinitrate

66
Q

Cyanide toxicity

A

Sodium nitroprusside

tx. of HTN emergency

67
Q

Bifurcation of abdominal aorta occurs at?

A

L4

68
Q

Common iliac veins merge to become?

A

IVC (@ L4)

69
Q

Nitroprusside

A

Short acting
BALANCED venous AND arterial vasoDILATOR
(Decrease preload AND afterload)

70
Q

Nitroprusside CN toxicity antidote

A

Sodium thiosulfate

71
Q

6th aortic arch

A

Pulmonary arteries

Ductus arteriosus

72
Q

Sinus venarum

A

Smooth portion of right atrium

From sinus venosus

73
Q

Smooth portion of L and R VENTRICLE

A

Bulbus cordis

forms beginning of VOFT

74
Q

Rough portion of L and R atrium

A

Primum atrium

75
Q

IRREVERSIBLE a1 and a2 ANTAgonist

A

Phenoxybenzamine

tx for pheochromocytoma

76
Q

Niacin

A

Increase HDL level (inhibit hepatic VLDL and TG production)

77
Q

B3

A

Niacin

78
Q

Bile acid-binding resin: most important A/E

A

HyperTG

avoid in patients who has HyperCHOLESTEROl + HyperTG

79
Q

Prevent flushing due to Niacin w?

A

Pretreatment w/ ASA

80
Q

Niacin: A/E

A

Flushing
HYPERuricemia
HYPERglycemia
Hepatotoxicity @ high doses

81
Q

Hyperlipidemia patient:
avoid ________if hyperglycemic, gout.
avoid ________ if hypertTG.
avoid ________if cholesterol stones

A

HyperGlc, Gout: avoid niacin
HyperTG: avoid bile acid binding resin
Cholesterol stones: avoid bile acid binding resin, fibrates

82
Q

Niacin flushing mediated by?

Vancomycin “red man” mediated?

A

Niacin: prostaglandin
Vancomycin: histamine

83
Q

Serotonin come from what a.a?

A

Tryptophan

84
Q

Capsaicin reduce by?

A

Decreasing substance P

85
Q

Low pitch holoSYSTolic murmur
Left sternal border
ACCENTUATED by handgrip (increase AFTERload)

A

VSD

86
Q

CD31

A

Endothelial cell marker

PECAM1

87
Q

Arsenic
Thorotrast
Polyvinyl chloride

A

Hepatic angiosarcoma

88
Q

BB: HYPERkalemia

A

B2 receptor: intracellular K+ uptake

89
Q

K+ sparing diuretic

A

Amiloride
Triamterene
Spironolactone
(ACEI can cause hyperkalemia 2/2 decreased aldosterone + combined with one of the meds above)

90
Q

Coarctation of aorta is a/w increased incidence of what other congenital defects?

A

Congenital berry aneurysms

91
Q

Diastolic heart failure: LVEDP, LVEDV, EF

A

EF = normal
Volume = normal
PRESSURE MUST INCREASE to maintain SV

92
Q

Systolic heart failure: LVEDP, LVEDV, EF

A

EF = decreased

so: VOLUME AND PRESSURE must increase to maintain SV

93
Q

Activate PPAR-alpha

A

Fibrates

94
Q

Kussmaul sign
Pericardial knock
JVP

A

Constrictive pericarditis

95
Q

Restrictive vs. Constrictive CM: heart sound

A

Restrictive: S3
Constrictive: Pericardial knock (more accentuated, earlier)

96
Q

Abdominal aortic aneurysm: major risk factor

Aortic dissection: major risk factor

A

AAA: atherosclerosis
AD: HTN

97
Q

Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome aka

A

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia

AD

98
Q

Match:
Capillary hemangioblastoma, renal cell carcinoma
Hamartomas, renal angiomyolipomas
Leptomeningiomas, “tram-track” calcification of skull

A

Hemagioblastoma + renal = VHL
Hamartomas + renal = OWR
Leptomeningiomas = SW

99
Q

Biatleral schwannomas

Multiple meningiomas

A

NF-2

100
Q

Homocysteine –> Methionine: cofactor

A

B12 (cobalamin)

also require methyl-tetrafolate

101
Q

Elevated homocysteine: risk for?

A

Arterial and venous thrombosis

102
Q

Homosysteine is elevated in?

Methylmalonyl CoA is elevated in?

A

Homo: BOTH folate and B12 deficiency

Methylmalonyl CoA: B12 deficiency ONLY

103
Q

Obliterative endarteritis

A

Vasa vasorum involvement in tertiary syphilis

increased risk of aortic aneurysms

UWorld (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions