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Set 10 (Genitourinary) Flashcards

1
Q

Bronchiolitis in children

A

RSV

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2
Q

Croup in children

A 
Parainfluenza virus (paramyxovirus)
(Barking cough, stridor)
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3
Q

Nasopharyngitis in children

A

Rhinovirus
Influenza virus
Coronavirus

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4
Q

Togavirus responsible for?

A

Rubella (german measles)

Eastern and Western equine encephalitis

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5
Q

Caliciviruses (Norwalk virus)

A

Viral gastroenteritis

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6
Q

Aspiration pneumonia –> abscess

What bacteria agents?

A

Fusobacterium
Peptostreptococcus
Bacteroides spp.

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7
Q

Necrotizing pneumonias

A 
Usually nosocomial:
S. aureus
K. pneumoniae
S. pneumo type 3
E. coli
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8
Q

Recurrent serious respiratory infection

Bilateral absence of vas deferens

A

CF

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9
Q

Ureter location

A

Under the bridge (gonadal vessels)
Over the common iliac artery
Lateral to internal iliac artery; Medial to gonadal vessels

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10
Q

Males: INCOMPLETE fusion of urethral (urogenital) folds

A

HYPOspadias (ventral opening)

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11
Q

Faulty positioning of genital tubercle in males

A

EPIspadias
(Abnormal opening of urethra on DORSAL surface of penile shaft)
(a/w bladder EXTROPHY)

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12
Q

Magnesium ammonium sulfate or triple phosphate

A

Struvite stone

Coffin lids

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13
Q

Coffin lids

A

Struvite stone

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14
Q

RadioLUCENT kidney stone

A

Uric acid stone ONLY!

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15
Q

Struvite stones require alkaline or acidic environment?

A

ALKALINE!

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16
Q

Calcium stone: acidic or alkaline environment?

A

ACIDIC (or neutral)

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17
Q

Cystine stone: acidic or alkaline environment

A

ACIDIC!

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18
Q

Superficial inguinal nodes receive lymph drainage from?

A

Scrotum + cutaneous (external genitalia, anus up2 pectinate line)

(Scrotum is Superficial)

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19
Q

Deep inguinal node receive lymph drainage from?

A

Glans penis + cutaneous portion of posterior calf

Superficial nodes

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20
Q

Para-aortic nodes receive lymph drainage from?

A

Testis

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21
Q

External iliac nodes receive lymph drainage from?

A

Deep inguinal LN

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22
Q

IMA nodes

A

Descending and sigmoid colon
Upper part of rectum
Drain INTO pre-aortic node

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23
Q

m/c/c of fetal hydronephrosis

A

UreteroPELVIC jxn (inadequate recanalization)

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24
Q

Most important virulence factor for E. coli in UTI

A

Fimbrial antigen (binding to urothelium)

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25
LPS (lipid A) can cause bacteremia leading to septic shock via?
Macrophage activation --> widespread release of: | IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha
26
ST and LT toxin of E. coli
ST: activates guanylate cyclase --> cGMP LT: activates adenylate cyclase --> cAMP (similar to cholera toxin)
27
O antigen
``` Outer membrane (most extracellular component of LPS) Classify Gram- bacteria ```
28
Target of humoral immunity to S. pyogenes
Protein M | major virulence factor for GAS
29
Streptolysin O
Oxygen labile | Lyses erythrocytes and PMN leukocytes
30
Teichoic acid found in?
Gram + (peptidoglycan cell wall)
31
DOC for bacterial vaginosis and trichomoniasis
Metronidazole
32
Elevated pH of vaginal secretion a/w?
Bacterial vaginosis | Trichomonas vaginitis
33
Sclerosing adenosis is a common finding in?
Fibrocystic change
34
Temperature sensitive: seminiferous tubule (containing serotoli cell) or leydig cell?
Seminiferous tubule!!!
35
Most important mediator of sepsis
TNF-alpha
36
Laplace's law
``` P = 2T/r (P= pressure required to keep alveoli open) ```
37
Maternal virilization during pregnancy | Masculinization of female fetus
Aromatase deficiency
38
Female w/ aromatase deficiency
``` Primary amenorrhea Tall statue (estrogen required for epiphyses fusion) ```
39
Males w/ aromatase deficiency
Tall statue Osteoporosis (NO genital abnormalities)
40
Molluscum contagiosum: culprit
Poxvirus
41
Gram- Obligate intracellular Lacks peptidoglycan cell wall
C. trachomatis
42
Small cell carcinoma: markers
``` Neuroendocrine differentiation (enolase, chromogranin, synaptophysin) ```
43
Methyldopa | Clonidine
Central sympatholytics (@ alpha2 receptors)
44
Cystinuria
``` AR Defect of transporter of: Cystine Ornithine Arginine Lysine ```
45
Hexagonal stone
Cystine crystals
46
Prostate lymphatic drainage
Internal iliac node | also external iliac and sacral node: minor pathway
47
Bladder lymphatic drainage
Superior bladder: external iliac node | Inferior bladder: internal iliac node
48
Heterophile antibodies that react w/ sheep erythrocytes
Infectious mononucleosis
49
Coin lesion w/ popcorn calcification
Hamartoma (pulmonary)
50
HYPOcoagulable Prolong PPT NO change in bleeding time, PT, platelet count
Hemophilia A and B
51
Acute colicky pain Gross hematuria Passage of tissue fragments in urine (sickle cell dz/trait, DM, analgesic nephropathy, severe obstructive pyelonephritis)
Papillary necrosis
52
Muddy-brown, granular cast
ATN | ischemic tubular necrosis
53
Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia Thrombocytopenia Acute renal failure
HUS
54
Necessary for pathogenesis of acute pyelonephritis
Vesicoureteral reflux
55
Sildenafil: MOA
PDE-inhibitor --> increased cGMP level
56
ANP: MOA
Increased cGMP
57
Children UTI outbreak + dysuria + hematuria
Hemorrhagic cystitis | Adenovirus
58
Major cause of acute diarrheal illness during winter month in USA
Rotavirus (a "reo" virus)
59
Proximal 1/3 of ureter: blood supply
Renal artery
60
Blood supply to DONOR kidney usually established via?
Anastomosing DONOR renal w/ RECIPIENT external iliac artery.
61
Incomplete obliteration of vitelline duct (yolk sac)
Meckel diverticulum
62
Meconium discharge from umbilicus | Urine discharge from umbilicus
Meconium: persistent yolk stalk (vitelline duct) Urine: patent urachus
63
Urachus
Duct between bladder and yolk sac | allantois --> urachus
64
Omphalocele vs. Gastroschisis
Omphalocele: protruding viscera covered by peritoneum. Gastroschisis: proturding viscera adjacent to umbilicus --> NOT covered
65
Duct between small intestine and umbilicus
Persistent yolk stalk (vitelline duct)
66
Compete with PABA for incorporation into folic acid
Sulfonamide
67
Pencillins are structural analogs of?
D-Ala-D-Ala (which transpeptidase binds to)
68
Reduce recurrence of genital herpes w?
Daily tx w/ oral: | Valacyclovir, Acyclovir, or Famciclovir
69
New vesicular rash and +Tzanck smear
Primary genital herpes infection
70
Rod-shaped intracytoplasmic inclusions | Inguinal swelling/ulcers/abscesses
Klebsiella granulomatis: | Granuloma inguinale
71
Hematuria Flank pain Palpable mass
Renal clear cell carcinoma
72
Renal cell carcinoma: metastasis is most common to?
Lung.
73
Sodium, Cyanide, Nitroprusside test
Cystinuria | detects cystine's sulfhydryl groups
74
Direct inguinal hernia occur due to?
Weakness of transversalis fascia (floor of triangle)
75
Indirect inguinal hernia occur due to?
Persistent processus vaginalis | Failure of INTERNAL inguinal ring to close
76
Direct inguinal hernia: ring?
ONLY through external (superficial) inguinal ring NOT through internal (deep) ring (thus: covered by ONLY external spermatic fascia)
77
Straight short endometrial glands and compact stroma found in what part of menstrual cycle?
Proliferative phase
78
External spermatic fascia
External oblique abdominal m. | deep to dartos m. and scrotal fascia
79
Cremasteric fascia
Internal oblique abdominal muscle
80
Nodularity of uterosacral ligaments | Fixed retroversion of uterus
Endometriosis

UWorld (17 decks)

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