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UWorld > Set 10 (Genitourinary) > Flashcards

Set 10 (Genitourinary) Flashcards

1
Q

Bronchiolitis in children

A

RSV

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2
Q

Croup in children

A 
Parainfluenza virus (paramyxovirus)
(Barking cough, stridor)
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3
Q

Nasopharyngitis in children

A

Rhinovirus
Influenza virus
Coronavirus

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4
Q

Togavirus responsible for?

A

Rubella (german measles)

Eastern and Western equine encephalitis

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5
Q

Caliciviruses (Norwalk virus)

A

Viral gastroenteritis

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6
Q

Aspiration pneumonia –> abscess

What bacteria agents?

A

Fusobacterium
Peptostreptococcus
Bacteroides spp.

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7
Q

Necrotizing pneumonias

A 
Usually nosocomial:
S. aureus
K. pneumoniae
S. pneumo type 3
E. coli
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8
Q

Recurrent serious respiratory infection

Bilateral absence of vas deferens

A

CF

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9
Q

Ureter location

A

Under the bridge (gonadal vessels)
Over the common iliac artery
Lateral to internal iliac artery; Medial to gonadal vessels

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10
Q

Males: INCOMPLETE fusion of urethral (urogenital) folds

A

HYPOspadias (ventral opening)

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11
Q

Faulty positioning of genital tubercle in males

A

EPIspadias
(Abnormal opening of urethra on DORSAL surface of penile shaft)
(a/w bladder EXTROPHY)

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12
Q

Magnesium ammonium sulfate or triple phosphate

A

Struvite stone

Coffin lids

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13
Q

Coffin lids

A

Struvite stone

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14
Q

RadioLUCENT kidney stone

A

Uric acid stone ONLY!

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15
Q

Struvite stones require alkaline or acidic environment?

A

ALKALINE!

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16
Q

Calcium stone: acidic or alkaline environment?

A

ACIDIC (or neutral)

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17
Q

Cystine stone: acidic or alkaline environment

A

ACIDIC!

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18
Q

Superficial inguinal nodes receive lymph drainage from?

A

Scrotum + cutaneous (external genitalia, anus up2 pectinate line)

(Scrotum is Superficial)

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19
Q

Deep inguinal node receive lymph drainage from?

A

Glans penis + cutaneous portion of posterior calf

Superficial nodes

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20
Q

Para-aortic nodes receive lymph drainage from?

A

Testis

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21
Q

External iliac nodes receive lymph drainage from?

A

Deep inguinal LN

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22
Q

IMA nodes

A

Descending and sigmoid colon
Upper part of rectum
Drain INTO pre-aortic node

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23
Q

m/c/c of fetal hydronephrosis

A

UreteroPELVIC jxn (inadequate recanalization)

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24
Q

Most important virulence factor for E. coli in UTI

A

Fimbrial antigen (binding to urothelium)

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25
Q

LPS (lipid A) can cause bacteremia leading to septic shock via?

A

Macrophage activation –> widespread release of:

IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha

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26
Q

ST and LT toxin of E. coli

A

ST: activates guanylate cyclase –> cGMP
LT: activates adenylate cyclase –> cAMP (similar to cholera toxin)

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27
Q

O antigen

A 
Outer membrane (most extracellular component of LPS)
Classify Gram- bacteria
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28
Q

Target of humoral immunity to S. pyogenes

A

Protein M

major virulence factor for GAS

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29
Q

Streptolysin O

A

Oxygen labile

Lyses erythrocytes and PMN leukocytes

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30
Q

Teichoic acid found in?

A

Gram + (peptidoglycan cell wall)

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31
Q

DOC for bacterial vaginosis and trichomoniasis

A

Metronidazole

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32
Q

Elevated pH of vaginal secretion a/w?

A

Bacterial vaginosis

Trichomonas vaginitis

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33
Q

Sclerosing adenosis is a common finding in?

A

Fibrocystic change

34
Q

Temperature sensitive: seminiferous tubule (containing serotoli cell) or leydig cell?

A

Seminiferous tubule!!!

35
Q

Most important mediator of sepsis

A

TNF-alpha

36
Q

Laplace’s law

A 
P = 2T/r
(P= pressure required to keep alveoli open)
37
Q

Maternal virilization during pregnancy

Masculinization of female fetus

A

Aromatase deficiency

38
Q

Female w/ aromatase deficiency

A 
Primary amenorrhea
Tall statue (estrogen required for epiphyses fusion)
39
Q

Males w/ aromatase deficiency

A

Tall statue
Osteoporosis
(NO genital abnormalities)

40
Q

Molluscum contagiosum: culprit

A

Poxvirus

41
Q

Gram-
Obligate intracellular
Lacks peptidoglycan cell wall

A

C. trachomatis

42
Q

Small cell carcinoma: markers

A 
Neuroendocrine differentiation
(enolase, chromogranin, synaptophysin)
43
Q

Methyldopa

Clonidine

A

Central sympatholytics (@ alpha2 receptors)

44
Q

Cystinuria

A 
AR
Defect of transporter of:
Cystine
Ornithine
Arginine
Lysine
45
Q

Hexagonal stone

A

Cystine crystals

46
Q

Prostate lymphatic drainage

A

Internal iliac node

also external iliac and sacral node: minor pathway

47
Q

Bladder lymphatic drainage

A

Superior bladder: external iliac node

Inferior bladder: internal iliac node

48
Q

Heterophile antibodies that react w/ sheep erythrocytes

A

Infectious mononucleosis

49
Q

Coin lesion w/ popcorn calcification

A

Hamartoma (pulmonary)

50
Q

HYPOcoagulable
Prolong PPT
NO change in bleeding time, PT, platelet count

A

Hemophilia A and B

51
Q

Acute colicky pain
Gross hematuria
Passage of tissue fragments in urine
(sickle cell dz/trait, DM, analgesic nephropathy, severe obstructive pyelonephritis)

A

Papillary necrosis

52
Q

Muddy-brown, granular cast

A

ATN

ischemic tubular necrosis

53
Q

Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
Thrombocytopenia
Acute renal failure

A

HUS

54
Q

Necessary for pathogenesis of acute pyelonephritis

A

Vesicoureteral reflux

55
Q

Sildenafil: MOA

A

PDE-inhibitor –> increased cGMP level

56
Q

ANP: MOA

A

Increased cGMP

57
Q

Children UTI outbreak + dysuria + hematuria

A

Hemorrhagic cystitis

Adenovirus

58
Q

Major cause of acute diarrheal illness during winter month in USA

A

Rotavirus (a “reo” virus)

59
Q

Proximal 1/3 of ureter: blood supply

A

Renal artery

60
Q

Blood supply to DONOR kidney usually established via?

A

Anastomosing DONOR renal w/ RECIPIENT external iliac artery.

61
Q

Incomplete obliteration of vitelline duct (yolk sac)

A

Meckel diverticulum

62
Q

Meconium discharge from umbilicus

Urine discharge from umbilicus

A

Meconium: persistent yolk stalk (vitelline duct)
Urine: patent urachus

63
Q

Urachus

A

Duct between bladder and yolk sac

allantois –> urachus

64
Q

Omphalocele vs. Gastroschisis

A

Omphalocele: protruding viscera covered by peritoneum.
Gastroschisis: proturding viscera adjacent to umbilicus –> NOT covered

65
Q

Duct between small intestine and umbilicus

A

Persistent yolk stalk (vitelline duct)

66
Q

Compete with PABA for incorporation into folic acid

A

Sulfonamide

67
Q

Pencillins are structural analogs of?

A

D-Ala-D-Ala (which transpeptidase binds to)

68
Q

Reduce recurrence of genital herpes w?

A

Daily tx w/ oral:

Valacyclovir, Acyclovir, or Famciclovir

69
Q

New vesicular rash and +Tzanck smear

A

Primary genital herpes infection

70
Q

Rod-shaped intracytoplasmic inclusions

Inguinal swelling/ulcers/abscesses

A

Klebsiella granulomatis:

Granuloma inguinale

71
Q

Hematuria
Flank pain
Palpable mass

A

Renal clear cell carcinoma

72
Q

Renal cell carcinoma: metastasis is most common to?

A

Lung.

73
Q

Sodium, Cyanide, Nitroprusside test

A

Cystinuria

detects cystine’s sulfhydryl groups

74
Q

Direct inguinal hernia occur due to?

A

Weakness of transversalis fascia (floor of triangle)

75
Q

Indirect inguinal hernia occur due to?

A

Persistent processus vaginalis

Failure of INTERNAL inguinal ring to close

76
Q

Direct inguinal hernia: ring?

A

ONLY through external (superficial) inguinal ring
NOT through internal (deep) ring
(thus: covered by ONLY external spermatic fascia)

77
Q

Straight short endometrial glands and compact stroma found in what part of menstrual cycle?

A

Proliferative phase

78
Q

External spermatic fascia

A

External oblique abdominal m.

deep to dartos m. and scrotal fascia

79
Q

Cremasteric fascia

A

Internal oblique abdominal muscle

80
Q

Nodularity of uterosacral ligaments

Fixed retroversion of uterus

A

Endometriosis

UWorld (17 decks)

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