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UWorld > Set 1 (Repro) > Flashcards

Set 1 (Repro) Flashcards

1
Q

Monochorionic diamniotic

A

Day 4-8

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2
Q

Monochorionic monoamniotic

A

Day 8-12

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3
Q

Dichorionic diamniotic

A

Day 0-4

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4
Q

Rubeola: aka

A

Measles

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5
Q

Rubella: aka

A

German Measles

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6
Q

Viral

Maculopapular rashes head & neck –> spread downward

A

Rubeola (Measles)
or
Rubella (German Measles)

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7
Q

Generalized LAD esp. postauricular and occipital

Starting at head and neck –> spread downward

A

Rubella

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8
Q

Rubella: presentation in adult, presentation in baby (if fetal infection)

A

Baby: Sensorineural deafness, cataracts, cardiac malformations (PDA)

Adult: Polyarthritis and polyarthralgia

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9
Q

Baby: malformed teeth (Hutchinson’s incisors, mulberry molars)

A

Congenital syphilis

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10
Q

Congenital rubella syndrome is associated with?

A

Sensorineural deafness
Cataracts
Cardiac malformations (PDA)

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11
Q

Anti-D (Rh) immunoglobulin belongs to which immunoglobulin class?

A

IgG

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12
Q

IgA

A

Mucosal antibody
does NOT fix complement
WEAK opsonizing ability

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13
Q

IgD

A

VERY low cc in body

Co-expressed w/ IgM as B-cell membrane receptor

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14
Q

IgE

A

Allergic responses

Parasite infections

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15
Q

First line tx of HTN in pregnancy

A

Methyldopa

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16
Q

Tx of PID

A

MUST cover both N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis

Thus: 3rd gen cephalosporin (Ceftriaxone) + Azithromycin or Doxycycline

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17
Q

Familial hypercholesterolemia: what type of mutation?

A

Frameshift

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18
Q

Most cases of monosomy X (45X,O = Turner Syndrome) arise due to?

A

Loss of parental X chromosome during MITOSIS

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19
Q

Anesthesia to majority of perineum

A

Pudendal nerve block (intravaginally in region of ischial spine)

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20
Q

Pudendal n.

A

S2-S4
Sensory innervation to perineum and genitals
Motor innervation to urethrae sphincter and external anal sphincter

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21
Q

Genitofemoral n.

A

L1 -L2; on anterior surface of Psoas

Innervates: scrotum/labia majora (genital br.), femoral triangle (femoral br.)

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22
Q

Iliohypogastric n.

A

T12/L1

Innervate: skin overlying iliac crest

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23
Q

Lateral femoral cutaneous n.

A

L2-L3
Deep to inguinal ligament
Innervate: skin of anterolateral thigh

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24
Q

Obturator n.

A

L3-L4

Motor innervation to medial thigh (adductors)

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25
Q

Inferior gluteal nerve

A

L5-S2

Motor innervation to gluteus maximus

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26
Q

Lymphatic drainage of glans penis or clitoris

A

Deep inguinal node

27
Q

Superficial inguinal nodes drain?

A

Nearly all cutaneous structures INFERIOR to ubmilicus (external genitalia, and anus up to pectinate line)

28
Q

External iliac nodes drain?

A

Superficial and deep inguinal nodes

Deep lymphatics of ABDOMINAL WALL below umbilicus

29
Q

Common iliac nodes drain?

A

Internal and External iliac node

30
Q

Superficial inguinal node drain into?

A

Deep inguinal node

External iliac node

31
Q

Breastfeeding: vitamin deficiency

A 
Vitamin D (esp. in dark skinned infants)
Vitamin K (given parenterally to infants @ birth)
32
Q

What causes the LH surge?

A

High levels of estrogen in the late follicular phase: POSITIVE feedback on LH production

33
Q

Breast: duct distended by pleomorphic, high grade w/ prominent central necrosis. Does NOT extend beyond ductal basal membrane.

A

DCIS: comedocarcinoma

34
Q

Klinefelter syndrome: this is elevated? this is reduced?

A

FSH and Estradiol

Testosterone is reduced (androsteinedione is variable)

35
Q

Most cases of Down Syndrome arise due to?

A

Nondisjunction during maternal meiosis II

36
Q

CEA is a serum marker for?

A

Colorectal and pancreatitic cancers

37
Q

Serum AFP is elevated in?

A

Yolk sac tumors (nonseminomous testicular germ cell tumor)

Hepatocellular carcinoma

38
Q

DHEA level elevated in?

A

Excessive production of adrenal androgens (ex: adrenal neoplasia)

39
Q

At ovulation, what type of oocyte, in what stage?

A 
Secondary oocyte (23, 2N)
Metaphase II
40
Q

Tall stature
Poorly developed SECONDARY sexual characteristics
ATROPHIC testis
Infertility

A

Klinefelters (47, XXY)

41
Q 
Primary amenorrhoea
Short stature
Webbed neck
Shielded chest
"Streaked" ovaries
NO secondary sexual characteristics
A

Turner Syndrome (45, XO)

42
Q

Amenorrhoea
Hirsutism/Virilization
HYPOnatremia/HYPERkalemia

A

21-OH deficiency

43
Q

47XXX presentation

A

Slightly decreased IQ

NOT a/w amenorrhoea

44
Q

Primary amenorrhea
Absent secondary sexual characteristics
Olfactory sensory defect

A

Kallman’s syndrome (diminished synthesis of gonadotropic hormone by AP)

45
Q

Primary amenorrhea

FULLY developed secondary sexual characteristics

A

Imperforate hymen
OR
Mullerian duct abnormalities

46
Q

Yellow-green foamy discharge

Motile trophozoites w/ flagellae on wet mount

A

Trichomonas

47
Q

Positive “whiff” test

A

Fishy odor on addition of KOH to vaginal discharge

Bacterial vaginosis by Gardnerella vaginalis

48
Q

Clue cells

A

Bacterial vaginosis

Gardnerella vaginalis

49
Q

Epithelium:

Ovary

A

Simple cuboidal

50
Q

Epithelium:

Fallopian tube

A

Simple columnar

51
Q

Epithelium:

Uterus

A

Simple (pseudostratified) columnar

52
Q

Epithelium:

Cervix

A

Endocervix: simple columnar
Ectocervix: stratified squamous

53
Q

Epithelium:

Vagina

A

stratified squamous NON-keratinized

54
Q

What secretes MIH?

A

Sertoli cell

55
Q

Anovulation is common in?

A

First several years after menarche

Last few years before menopause

56
Q 
Obesity
HYPERandrogenism
Oligomenorrhea
Infertility
Enlarged ovaries w/ multiple cysts
A

PCOS

Hormone imbalance: LH»FSH

57
Q

Tx. of PCOS infertility

A

Clomiphene (selective estrogen receptor modular –> prevents negative feedback of estrogen on HPA-axis)

58
Q

Tx. of PCOS acne and hirsutism

A

Spironolactone (Androgen receptor antagonist)

59
Q

Call-Exner bodies

A

Granulosa cell tumor

60
Q

Can incidence measures (relative risk or relative rate) be measured in case control studies?

A

NO, can only be measured in cohort studies (followed over time for developing the disease).

Case control: patient ALREADY has disease, so can only calculate odds-ratio.

61
Q

Attrition bias

A

Type of SELECTION bias.

Disproportionate loss to followup between exposed an unexposed groups.

62
Q

Secretory phase

A

Ovulation –> Beginning of Menses

Secretory epithelium: tortuous glands, secretions, edema

63
Q

Proliferative phase

A

Menses –> Ovulation

Straight glands, compact epithelium, NO edema, No secretion

UWorld (17 decks)

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