Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

UWorld > Set 15 (Neurology) > Flashcards

Set 15 (Neurology) Flashcards

1
Q

Tx of choice for myoclonic seizures

A

Valproic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Tx for Tourette syndrome

A

Typical and Atypical neuroleptics

ex: haloperidol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

DOC for PARTIAL seizures (complex and simple)

A

Carbamazepine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Tonic clonic seizure: DOC

A

Carbamazepine
Phenytoin
Valproate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Narcolepsy results from

A

Depletion of hypocretin-secreting neuron (lateral hypothalamus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

DOC for Toxoplasmosis

A

Combination: pyrimethamine + sulfadiazine

Toxo-Plasomo-Sis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Primary CNS lymphoma

A

Typically: B-lymphocytes
IMC- patients (esp AIDS)
Strongly a/w EBV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Chlorpheniramine
Diphenhydramine
1st gen anti-histamines activties

A

Anti-histamine
Ant-serotonergic
Anti-muscarinic
Anti-alpha adrenergic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

VERY long chain
Some branched chain FA (phytanic acid, odd # branch pts)
Metabolism?

A

Peroxisomal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Strict avoidance of CHLOROPHYLL in diet

A 
Refsum disease
(defect in peroxisomal alpha oxidation --> accumulate phytanic acid)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Beta-endorphin: derived from?

A

POMC

ACTH, MSH, Beta-endorphin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

1st pharyngeal arch: nerve

A

Trigeminal n.
Mastication, Myohyoid
Tensor tympani, tensor vili palatini
Anterior belly of digastric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Neural crest derivatives of 2nd pharyngeal arch

A

Styloid proces
Stapes
leSSer horn of hyoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

2nd pharyngeal arch: nerve

A 
Facial nerve (CN7):
Facial expression
Stylohyoid
Stapedius
Posterior belly of digaStric
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

4th and 6th pharyngeal arches

A

Cartilaginous structures of larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pharyngeal arches: muscular element and bony elements

A

Muscular elements: mesoderm

Bony elements: neural crest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

1st pharyngeal arch: neural crest derivatives

A

Temporal bone
Mandible/maxilla
Malleus/Incus
Zygoma/Vomer/Palate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Almost all volatile anesthetic increase?

A

Cerebral blood flow –> Increased ICP

Undesirable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Inhalation anesthetic preferred in pats w/ asthma

bronchodilation properties

A

Halothane

Sevoflurane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Death due to TCA toxicity is usually result of?

A

Vfib

Cardiogenic shock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

TCA –> arrhythmia

A

inhibit FAST sodium channel conduction –> arrhythmia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

SSRI + MAO inhibitor

A 
Serotonin syndrome
(HYPERthermia, autonomic instability, rigidity, myoclonus, diaphoresis)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Posterior pituitary: embryology

A

Neural tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Pineal gland: embryology

A

Neural tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Retina, Lens, Cornea: embryology
Lens and Cornea: surface ectoderm | Retina: Neural tube
26
Neural tube derivatives
Brain & spinal cord Posterior pituitary, Pineal gland Retina
27
Branchial arches: embryology
Neural crest (bones & cartilage)
28
Skull bones: embryology
Neural crest
29
Serosa lining: embryology
Mesoderm
30
Kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra: embryology
Kidney and Ureter: Mesoderm | Bladder and Urethra: Endoderm
31
Heart: embryology
Mesoderm | septum & endocardial cushions = neural crest
32
MS: increased levels of _____________in CSF.
IgG
33
Sergiline
Inhibitor of MAO type B --> prevent MPTP-induced damage of dopaminergic neurons
34
Levodopa is used w/?
Carbidopa | dopa-decarboxylase inhibor --> do NOT x-BBB, thus decreasing a/e in the periphery
35
TiaGAbine ViGABAtrin GABApentin
Tia: inhibit GABA uptake Viga: ihibit GABA-transaminase --> increase GABA GABApentin: increase brain GABA All can be used for refractory partial seizures
36
Topiramate
Block Na channel | Enhance effect of GABA
37
Injury to Meyer's loop in temporal lobe
Contralateral SUPERIOR quadrantoanopia
38
Meyer's loop go to?
Lingual gyrus of striate cortex
39
Serum sickness: what hypersensitivity?
Type 3
40
Acute vs. Hyperacute organ transplant rejection: Hypersensitivity
HYPERacute: Type 2 (ex: ABO mismatch, anti-HLA) Acute: Type 4
41
Hypoxia-induced lactic acidosis is due to?
LOW activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase (--> TCA) | HIGH activity of lactate dehydrogenase
42
Pyruvate carboxylase
Pyruvate --> oxaloacetate (gluconeogenesis)
43
High bone turnover rate in seen in hyperparathyroidism (esp secondary hyperparathyroidism)
Osteitis fibrosa cystica
44
``` Young children Following URI Hematuria Abdominal and joint pain Palpable purpura ```
Henoch-Scholein purpura | IgA-mediated hypersensitivity vasculitis
45
SEVERE Dehydration: GFR, RPF, FF
RPF decrease A LOT GFR decrease (but not as much due to HPA compensation) FF increases
46
Gross hematuria Smoking Rubber, plastic, aromatic amine-containing dyes/textile/leather
Transitional cell carcinoma
47
SIADH: lung cancer
Small cell lung cancer
48
SIADH results in what type of fluid status?
HYPOnatremic EUvolemic
49
HYPOnatremia | Urine is DILUTE
Suspicious for primary polydipsia
50
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor: used for?
Open-angle and angle-closure glaucoma (bicarb is needed to make aqueous humor) Diuretic (block bicarb and Na+ reabsorption in PCT)
51
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor: A/E
Urine ALKalnization Metabolic acidosis HYPOnatremia, HYPOkalemia
52
Tumor lysis syndrome: uric acid precipitation occurs in what nephron segment?
Collecting duct | MOST acidic portion
53
Most of the K+ filtered by glomeruli is resorbed in?
Proximal tubule | Loop of Henle
54
Potassium regulation: alpha-intercalated cell and principle cell of cortical CT
HYPOkalemia --> alpha-intercalated cell --> RESORB (H/K ATPase) HYPERkalemia --> principle cell --> SECRETE (apical K+ cell)
55
ATN: recovery phase
HIGH volume, HYPOtonic urine | HYPOkalemia
56
``` Elderly Bone pain Anemia (easy fatigability) Constipation Renal failure ```
Multiple myeloma | Bence Jones protein--> large eosinophilic cast
57
Anti-GBM disease: deposits
LINEAR | IgG and C3
58
Anti-GBM targets?
a3 chain of collagen type 4
59
Goodpasture syndrome: characterized by?
``` Pulmonary hemorrhage (hemoptysis) RPGN ```
60
Renal cell carcinoma: macroscopic and microscopic.
Macroscopic: golden mass (high lipid content) Microscopic: proximal tubule cells: clear cytoplasm + eccentric nuclei
61
ADH or Aldosterone: urea reabsorption
ADH! | aldosterone responsible for Na reabsorption, K and H secretion
62
Most frequent location of colon adenocarcinoma?
Rectosigmoid colon | Present as LEFT sided tumor sx
63
Bilateral renal angiomyolipomas
Tuberous sclerosis
64
Heroin abuse, HIV, obesity: causes what type of nephrotic syndrome?
FSGS
65
Ureteric bud (Metanephric) gives rise to?
Collecting system of kidney
66
Metanephric mesoderm (blastema)
Glomeruli Bowman's space Nephron
67
Ototoxic
Aminoglycosides Loop diuretics Salicylates Cisplatin
68
NSAID w/ loop diuretic
DECREASED diuretic response | Loops increase prostaglandins, NSAID blocks them
69
Neurofibromin
NF-1 gene on chromosome 17 | Key suppressor of Ras (which is activator of cell growth)
70
Bcl-2 mutation in?
Follicular cell lymphoma
71
Bcl-2
Apoptosis inhibitor (pro-survival)
72
Type 1 RPGN
Goodpasture syndrome
73
Type 2 RPGN
Immune complex mediated | PSGN, SLE, IgA nephropathy, Henoch-Schonlein purpura
74
Type 3 RPGN
ANCA (GPA)
75
Decreased serum C4
``` Hereditary angioedema (lack of C1 esterase INHIBITOR --> unopposed breakdown of C4 by C1 esterase) ```
76
Spasticity Choreoathetoid movement Self-mutilation
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
77
Hypohidrosis Acroparesthesia Angiokeratomas Renal failure
``` Fabry disease (alpha-galactosidase deficiency) ```
78
Accumulation of ceramide trihexoside
``` Fabry disease (alpha-galactosidase deficiency) ```
79
Pill-induced esophagitis
Tetracycline antibiotics Potassium chloride Bisphosphates
80
Calcium oxalate crystals in urine (envelope shaped)
Ethylene glycol ingestion
81
Sudden onset abdominal/flank pain Gross hematuria Left-sided varicocele Nephrotic syndrome
Renal vein thrombosis! | nephrotic syndrome --> loss of antithrombin 3
82
Dehydrated patient: majority of water reabsorbed from?
Proximal tubule!!! | regardless of hydration state, PT always absorb the greatest %
83
IgG4 antibodies to phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R)
Idiopathic membranous nephropathy
84
Lowest cc of PAH in luminal fluid is in?
Bowman's space
85
Glomerular capillary wall thickening w/o increase in cellularity Spike and dome
Membranous glomerulonephritisM
86
Most important prognostic factor in patients with PSGN
AGE
87
Early detection of diabetic nephropathy
Microalbuminuria
88
Deposits in renal mesangium few days following URI
IgA nephropathy
89
IgA nephropathy + extra-renal sx
Henoch-Schonlein dz
90
IgA nephropathy vs. PSGN
IgA: few DAYs after infection, mesangial deposit, NORMAL complement. PSGN: few WEEKS, subepithelial humps, low C3.

UWorld (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions