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UWorld > Set 14 (Renal) > Flashcards

Set 14 (Renal) Flashcards

1
Q

JG cells are what type of cells

A

Modified smooth muscle cells

in AFFERENT glomerular arterioles

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2
Q

Filtration fraction is decreased by?

A

Decreased GFR

Increased RPF

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3
Q

Kidney and rib

A

Left kidney IMMEDIATELY deep to TIP of 12th rib on left

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4
Q

Spleen and rib

A

9th, 10th, 11th rib

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5
Q

Liver and rib

A

8th, 9th, 10th, 11th rib

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6
Q

Urea absorption occurs at?

A

Medullary segment of CD (responds to ADH)

PCT (NO response to ADH)

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7
Q

C1q deposits seen in?

A

MPGN type 1

subENDOthelial

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8
Q

Thinning of GBM
Normal renal fxn
NO edema, proteinuria, azotemia

A

Benign familial hematuria

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9
Q

RPF=? (equationa)

A

(1-hematocrit)(Renal BLOOD flow),

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10
Q

IgM, IgG
C3
“Starry sky”

A

PSGN

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11
Q

Necrolytic migratory erythema (typically groin area)

A

Pancreatic glucagonoma

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12
Q

Intractable diarrhea
Metabolic ACIDosis
HYPOkalemia

A

VIPoma

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13
Q

B2 receptor stimulation and K+

A

Intracellular K+ shift

thus: BB –> K+ OUT

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14
Q

Triamterene

A

K+ sparing diuretic

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15
Q

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor: A/E

A

URINE alkalinization, somnolence, paresthesias

metabolic acidosis, hypokalemia, hyponatremia

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16
Q

Tolterodine

A

Antimuscarinic used in overactive bladder, urinary frequency, urgency & incontinence

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17
Q

Watershed area in intestine

A 
Splenic flexture (IMA, SMA)
Distal sigmoid colon (IMA, hypogastric arteries)
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18
Q

Most concentrated section of nephron?

A

NO ADH: jxn between ascending and descending LH

ADH: CD

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19
Q

Fanconi syndrome

A

Aminoaciduria, Glycosuria

HYPOphosphEMIA, HYPOuricEMIA

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20
Q

Analgesic nephropathy is characterized by?

A

Chronic interstitial nephritis

Papillary necrosis

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21
Q

Maltese cross

A

Oval fat bodies in urine

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22
Q

ADH or Aldosterone: urea permeability.

A

ADH!

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23
Q

Total iron content is regulated through?

A

Hepcidin!

regulates absorption of iron by enterocyte and release of iron by macrophages

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24
Q

HIT is caused by?

A

Antibodies to heparin and platelet factor4

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25
Q

Direct thrombin inhibitor

A

Hirudin
Lepirudin
Argatroban

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26
Q

Argatroban

A

Direct thrombin inhibitor

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27
Q

Abciximab
Tirofiban
Eptifibatide

A

Glycoprotein 2b/3a inhibitors

inhibit platelet binding to fibrinogen/fibronectin

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28
Q

Dipyridamole

Cilostazol

A

Inhibit phosphodiesterase –> increase cAMP –> inhibit platelet aggregation

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29
Q

Ticlopidine

Clopidogrel

A

Inhibit ADP mediated platelet aggregation

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30
Q

DOC for HIT

A

Direct thrombin inhibitors

argatroban

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31
Q

Positive germ tube test

A

Candida albicans

32
Q

Heterophile antibody

A

Mono (EBV)

33
Q

Infects B cells
Transformation/immortalization
Polycolonal B cell proliferation

A

EBV

34
Q

ONLY Homocysteine levels elevated

A

Folate deficiency

35
Q

Enzyme essential in the de novo pathway of dTMP production

A

Thymidylate synthetase

tetrahydrofolate +dUMP –> dihydrofolate + dTMP

36
Q

Folate deficiency inhibits formation of?

A

dTMP

thus: supplement deficiency with thymidine

37
Q

HIV replication

A

HIV RNA –> HIV DNA (reverse transcriptase) —>host cell integration –> RNA (host RNA polymerase 2) –>

38
Q

Raltegravir

A

Integrase inhibitor

39
Q

Enfuvirtide

A

Binds gp41

40
Q

Nevirapine
Efavirenz
Delavirdine

A

NNRTI

41
Q

NNRTI: most notable A/E

A

Life threatening skin reactions

Life threatening hepatic failure w/ encephalopathy

42
Q

Zidovudine

Zalcitabine

A

NRTI

must be converted to monophosphate form by thymidine kinase

43
Q

Transient procoagulant/anticoagulant imbalance at start of Warfarin therapy can be exaggerated by?

A

Protein C deficiency

44
Q

Bruise is green due to?

A

Heme –> Biliverdin (via heme oxygenase)

45
Q

Defective uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase

A

Porphyria cutanea tada

46
Q

Target cells

A

Beta-thalassemia

defective beta-chain synthesis

47
Q

Tumor lysis syndrome: labs

A

HYPERuricemia
HYPERkalemia
HYPERphosphatemia
HYPOcalcemia

48
Q

Tumor lysis syndrome: prevention

A

Hydration

Allopurinol or Rasburicase

49
Q

Denosumab

A

Prevent RANKL from interacting with RANK

thus preventing osteoclast activation

50
Q

aPTT, PT assess

A

aPTT: Intrinsic pathway (all EXCEPT 7 and 13)
PT: Extrinsic (2, 5, 7, 10, Fibrinogen)

51
Q

Prolonged PT w/o prolonging aPTT

A

factor 7 deficiency

52
Q

vWF deficiency: labs

A

Prolonged Bleeding time (platelet adhesion impaired)

aPTT (factor 8 deficiency)

53
Q

Hageman factor deficiency

A

NO clinical bleeding

Prolonged aPTT

54
Q

Hemolytic anemia
HYPERcoagulable state
PANcytopenia

A

PNH

55
Q

Deficiency of CD55 and CD69

A

DIAGNOSTIC for PNH!!!!!!!

Disallow inactivation of complement

56
Q

Fc binds?

Fab binds?

A

Fc binds phagocytic cells

Fab binds antigen

57
Q

Heparin vs. Warfarin: PT vs. PTT

A

Heparin: PPT
Warfarin: PT

58
Q

Thrombin time

A

Fibrinogen –> Fibrin

prolonged by heparin and dysfibrinogenemia

59
Q

Homocysteine AND methylmalonic acid level elevated

A 
VitB12 deficiency
(ONLY homo elevated in folate deficiency)
60
Q

Isotype switching of B cell requires?

A

CD40 receptor on B cells

CD40L on activated T cells

61
Q

Isotype swithing occurs in?

A

Lymph node germinal centers

62
Q

Recombination of B cells occur in?

A

Bone marrow

63
Q

Affinity maturation of B cells occur in?

A

Germinal center of LN

Via SOMATIC hypermutation

64
Q

Peripheral tolearance

A

T-cell anergy (functional inactivation)

65
Q

Negative selection occurs in?

A

Fetal thymus

66
Q

Glutamate –> Valine @ position 6

A

HbS

67
Q

Mutation in Kozak sequence of beta-globin gene

A 
Thalassemia intermedia
(HYPOchromic, MICROcytic anemia)
68
Q

Medullary cords

A

Plasma cells

69
Q

Medullary sinus

A

Macrophages

70
Q

Paracortex

A

T cells

71
Q

Lead inhibits?

A

Ferrochelatase

ALA dehydratase

72
Q

Increased hepatic ALA synthase

A

Decreased Heme (which normally feedbacks)

73
Q

Negative and Positive selection of T cell: location

A

Negative: thymic medulla

Positive; thymic cortex

74
Q

Cyanide poisoning

A

Amyl nitrite (oxidizing agent –> methemoglobinemia –> contains ferric –> binds CN)

75
Q

Philadelphia chromosome

A 
Chromosme 9 (reciprocal translocation between long arms of chromosome 9 and 22)
CML
76
Q

Gardos channel blockers

A

Prevent intracellular dehydration/polymerization of sickle cells

77
Q

G6PD deficiency: inheritance

A

X-linked recessive

UWorld (17 decks)

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