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UWorld > Set 14 (Renal) > Flashcards

Set 14 (Renal) Flashcards

1
Q

JG cells are what type of cells

A

Modified smooth muscle cells

in AFFERENT glomerular arterioles

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2
Q

Filtration fraction is decreased by?

A

Decreased GFR

Increased RPF

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3
Q

Kidney and rib

A

Left kidney IMMEDIATELY deep to TIP of 12th rib on left

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4
Q

Spleen and rib

A

9th, 10th, 11th rib

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5
Q

Liver and rib

A

8th, 9th, 10th, 11th rib

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6
Q

Urea absorption occurs at?

A

Medullary segment of CD (responds to ADH)

PCT (NO response to ADH)

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7
Q

C1q deposits seen in?

A

MPGN type 1

subENDOthelial

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8
Q

Thinning of GBM
Normal renal fxn
NO edema, proteinuria, azotemia

A

Benign familial hematuria

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9
Q

RPF=? (equationa)

A

(1-hematocrit)(Renal BLOOD flow),

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10
Q

IgM, IgG
C3
“Starry sky”

A

PSGN

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11
Q

Necrolytic migratory erythema (typically groin area)

A

Pancreatic glucagonoma

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12
Q

Intractable diarrhea
Metabolic ACIDosis
HYPOkalemia

A

VIPoma

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13
Q

B2 receptor stimulation and K+

A

Intracellular K+ shift

thus: BB –> K+ OUT

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14
Q

Triamterene

A

K+ sparing diuretic

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15
Q

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor: A/E

A

URINE alkalinization, somnolence, paresthesias

metabolic acidosis, hypokalemia, hyponatremia

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16
Q

Tolterodine

A

Antimuscarinic used in overactive bladder, urinary frequency, urgency & incontinence

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17
Q

Watershed area in intestine

A 
Splenic flexture (IMA, SMA)
Distal sigmoid colon (IMA, hypogastric arteries)
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18
Q

Most concentrated section of nephron?

A

NO ADH: jxn between ascending and descending LH

ADH: CD

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19
Q

Fanconi syndrome

A

Aminoaciduria, Glycosuria

HYPOphosphEMIA, HYPOuricEMIA

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20
Q

Analgesic nephropathy is characterized by?

A

Chronic interstitial nephritis

Papillary necrosis

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21
Q

Maltese cross

A

Oval fat bodies in urine

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22
Q

ADH or Aldosterone: urea permeability.

A

ADH!

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23
Q

Total iron content is regulated through?

A

Hepcidin!

regulates absorption of iron by enterocyte and release of iron by macrophages

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24
Q

HIT is caused by?

A

Antibodies to heparin and platelet factor4

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25
Direct thrombin inhibitor
Hirudin Lepirudin Argatroban
26
Argatroban
Direct thrombin inhibitor
27
Abciximab Tirofiban Eptifibatide
Glycoprotein 2b/3a inhibitors | inhibit platelet binding to fibrinogen/fibronectin
28
Dipyridamole | Cilostazol
Inhibit phosphodiesterase --> increase cAMP --> inhibit platelet aggregation
29
Ticlopidine | Clopidogrel
Inhibit ADP mediated platelet aggregation
30
DOC for HIT
Direct thrombin inhibitors | argatroban
31
Positive germ tube test
Candida albicans
32
Heterophile antibody
Mono (EBV)
33
Infects B cells Transformation/immortalization Polycolonal B cell proliferation
EBV
34
ONLY Homocysteine levels elevated
Folate deficiency
35
Enzyme essential in the de novo pathway of dTMP production
Thymidylate synthetase | tetrahydrofolate +dUMP --> dihydrofolate + dTMP
36
Folate deficiency inhibits formation of?
dTMP | thus: supplement deficiency with thymidine
37
HIV replication
HIV RNA --> HIV DNA (reverse transcriptase) --->host cell integration --> RNA (host RNA polymerase 2) -->
38
Raltegravir
Integrase inhibitor
39
Enfuvirtide
Binds gp41
40
Nevirapine Efavirenz Delavirdine
NNRTI
41
NNRTI: most notable A/E
Life threatening skin reactions | Life threatening hepatic failure w/ encephalopathy
42
Zidovudine | Zalcitabine
NRTI | must be converted to monophosphate form by thymidine kinase
43
Transient procoagulant/anticoagulant imbalance at start of Warfarin therapy can be exaggerated by?
Protein C deficiency
44
Bruise is green due to?
Heme --> Biliverdin (via heme oxygenase)
45
Defective uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase
Porphyria cutanea tada
46
Target cells
Beta-thalassemia | defective beta-chain synthesis
47
Tumor lysis syndrome: labs
HYPERuricemia HYPERkalemia HYPERphosphatemia HYPOcalcemia
48
Tumor lysis syndrome: prevention
Hydration | Allopurinol or Rasburicase
49
Denosumab
Prevent RANKL from interacting with RANK | thus preventing osteoclast activation
50
aPTT, PT assess
aPTT: Intrinsic pathway (all EXCEPT 7 and 13) PT: Extrinsic (2, 5, 7, 10, Fibrinogen)
51
Prolonged PT w/o prolonging aPTT
factor 7 deficiency
52
vWF deficiency: labs
Prolonged Bleeding time (platelet adhesion impaired) | aPTT (factor 8 deficiency)
53
Hageman factor deficiency
NO clinical bleeding | Prolonged aPTT
54
Hemolytic anemia HYPERcoagulable state PANcytopenia
PNH
55
Deficiency of CD55 and CD69
DIAGNOSTIC for PNH!!!!!!! | Disallow inactivation of complement
56
Fc binds? | Fab binds?
Fc binds phagocytic cells | Fab binds antigen
57
Heparin vs. Warfarin: PT vs. PTT
Heparin: PPT Warfarin: PT
58
Thrombin time
Fibrinogen --> Fibrin | prolonged by heparin and dysfibrinogenemia
59
Homocysteine AND methylmalonic acid level elevated
``` VitB12 deficiency (ONLY homo elevated in folate deficiency) ```
60
Isotype switching of B cell requires?
CD40 receptor on B cells | CD40L on activated T cells
61
Isotype swithing occurs in?
Lymph node germinal centers
62
Recombination of B cells occur in?
Bone marrow
63
Affinity maturation of B cells occur in?
Germinal center of LN | Via SOMATIC hypermutation
64
Peripheral tolearance
T-cell anergy (functional inactivation)
65
Negative selection occurs in?
Fetal thymus
66
Glutamate --> Valine @ position 6
HbS
67
Mutation in Kozak sequence of beta-globin gene
``` Thalassemia intermedia (HYPOchromic, MICROcytic anemia) ```
68
Medullary cords
Plasma cells
69
Medullary sinus
Macrophages
70
Paracortex
T cells
71
Lead inhibits?
Ferrochelatase | ALA dehydratase
72
Increased hepatic ALA synthase
Decreased Heme (which normally feedbacks)
73
Negative and Positive selection of T cell: location
Negative: thymic medulla | Positive; thymic cortex
74
Cyanide poisoning
Amyl nitrite (oxidizing agent --> methemoglobinemia --> contains ferric --> binds CN)
75
Philadelphia chromosome
``` Chromosme 9 (reciprocal translocation between long arms of chromosome 9 and 22) CML ```
76
Gardos channel blockers
Prevent intracellular dehydration/polymerization of sickle cells
77
G6PD deficiency: inheritance
X-linked recessive

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