Session 9- Applied Anatomy of the Nose, Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Air sinuses Flashcards
what is the significance of the bony projections
slows airflow by causing turbulence of airflow
increase surface area over which air passes
what bony projections are there
superior middle inferior AKA conchae
what bones form the roof of the nasal cavity PA
sphenoid
ethmoid
frontal bone
nasal bone
what is the transsphenoidal surgocal approach
endoscope is placed through nose through nasal cavity then through sphenoid bone to gain access to pituitary gland
what forms the nasal septum
perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone and vomer bone
what is a septal haematoma
cartilage of nasal septum recieves blood supply from overlying perichondrium
injury to nose can buckle septum and shears blood vessels
blood accumulates sub-perichondrium…depriving underlying cartilage of its blood supply
what is a saddle nose deformity
untreated septal haemotoma leads to avascular necrosis of cartilaginous septum
-saddling of nasal dorsum
sensory innervation to nose and nasal cavity
trigeminal- maxillary
what epithelium covers the roof of the nasal cavity
olfactory mucous membranes- contains dendrites of olfactory nerves
what role does the resp epithelium play
filters, humidifies and warms air
pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium
what are nasal polyps
fleshy, benign swellings of nasal muscosa
symptoms of nasal polyp
blocked nose and watery rhinorrhea
post-nasal drip
decreased smell and reduced taste
what is rhinitis
an inflammation of the nasal mucosal lining
symotoms of rhinitis
nasal congestion rhinorrhoea sneezing nasal irritation postnasal drip
what causes rhinitis
simple acute infective rhinitis- usually viral
allergic rhinitis
what is epistaxis
nose bleed
where does the arterial supply to the nose arise from
branches of opthalmic artery and maxillary artery
what is the kiesselbach’s plexus
arterial anastomoses in anterior septum
what is the most common source of bleeding in epitaxis
kiesselbach’s plexus
where do the veins drain into in the nasal cavity
pterygoid venous plexus
what are paranasal sinuses
air filled spaces that are extensions of nasal cavity
what lines the paranasal sinuses
resp muscosa - pseudostraitfied columnar epithelium
where do paranasal sinuses drain
nasal cavity via ostia into the meatus
which sinus is most commonly affected in sinusistis
maxillary sinus
what are the 4 paranasal sinuses
frontal ethmoid sphenoid and maxillary
what provides general sensory innervation to the fronal, ethmoidal and sphenoid sinus
Va- OPTHALMIC
what provides general sensory innervation to the maxillary
Vb- maxillary
what is acute sinusitis
symptomatic inflammation of mucosal lining of nasal cavity and paranasal air sinuses
pathophysiology of acute sinusitis
primary infection leads to reduced cilary function, oedema of nasal mucosa and sinus ostia
drainage from sinus is impeded
stagnant secretions within the sinus become ideal breading ground for bacteria
