Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Head and neck > Session 5- Development of the Head, Neck and Face > Flashcards

Session 5- Development of the Head, Neck and Face Flashcards

1
Q

what are the pharyngeal arches

A

sequence of ridges that form in the lateral walls of the embryonic pharynx towards the cranial end of the neural tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

when do the pharyngeal arches become apparent

A

4 weeks in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

which clefts remain and what do they become

A

first - becomes external auditory meatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what forms the auricle

A

swellings which form around the entrance to the meatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what covers the external surface of the pharyngeal arches

A

ectoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what covers the internal surface of the pharyngeal arches

A

endoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how many arches are there

A

theoretically 6 but the 5th doesnt form in humans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

whuch arch is biggest

A

1st and they get progressively smaller in size from 1-6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is assciated with each arch

A

cartilage
artery
nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what does the cartilage bar become

A

skeletal element of the head and neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is teh cartilagenous bar in the 1st bar known is

A

meckles cartilage

largest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what does the Meckel’s cartilage become- derived from 1st arch

A

mandible
malleus
incus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what do the 4th and 6th arches give rise to

A

thyroid
arytenoids
cricoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

which cranial nerves associate with the pharyngeal arches

A

V
VII
IX
X

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is arch 1 associated with

A

V

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What nerve is arch 2 associated with

A

VII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is arch 3 associated with

A

IX

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is arch 4 associated with

A

vagus- superior laryngeal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What nerve arch 6 associated with

A

vagus- recurrent laryngeal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what muscles are derived from the first arch

A

muscles of mastication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what muscles are derived from the second arch

A

Muscles of facial expression

22
Q

what muscles are derived from the third arch

A

stylopharyngeus - muscle of pharynx

23
Q

what muscles are derived from the 4-6arch

A

constrictor muscles of pharynx and muscles of soft palate
muscles of the larynx
striated muscle of upper oesophagus

24
Q

where does the facial skeleton arise from

A

frontonasal prominene

25
Q

what structure arises from pouch 1

A

pharyngotympanic (eustachian) tube and middle ear cavity

26
Q

what structure arises from pouch 2

A

palatine tonsil

27
Q

what structure arises from pouch 3

A

inferior parathyroid

thymus

28
Q

what structure arises from pouch 4

A

superior parathyroid

c cells of thyroid

29
Q

what are the 5 building blocks of the face

A

frontonasal prominence
2 maxillary prominences
2 mandibular prominences

30
Q

what is teh frist evidence of face development

A

stomadaeum - a depression in the ectoderm on the ventral aspect of the head which is teh site of future mouth

31
Q

how is the face created

A

the 5 prominences fold around the stomadaeum to create the face

32
Q

what does the frontonasal prominence go on to form

A

forehead
bridge of nose
upper eyelids
centre of upper lip

33
Q

what do teh 2 lateral paired maxillary prominence form

A

middle third of face
upper jaw
most of the lip and sides of the nose

34
Q

wht do the paired mandibular prominences form

A

lower third of the face - lower jaw and lip

35
Q

what is the first evidence of nose formation and how does the nose form

A

appearance of 2 ectodermal thickenings which are the nasal placdes wither side of the midline on the ventrolateral aspect of the frontonasal prominence

the nasal placodes invaginate and form deep pits the nasal pits with the entrance of each pit being the future nostril

36
Q

what is a placodeo

A

an area of ectoderm that starts to thicken and differentiate itself from its surrounding tissue to give rise to sensory structures

37
Q

oronasal membrane

A

a thin sheet of cells between the stomadaeum and deepening nasal pits which disappears and the oral and nasal cavities become one continous space

38
Q

how does the palate develop

A

medial nasal prominences merge in the midline separating the nostrils form the mouth

this forms the philtrum of upper lip and a small midlne component of palate

a palatal shelf grows from each maxillary prominence towards the midline

they fuse with each other and with the primary palate

fusion creates the secondary palate and separates the nasal cavity from oral cavityv

39
Q

why do clefts develop

A

failure of fusion betwen tructures of the developing face

40
Q

how does a clefy lip arise

A

failure of the fusion of the medial nasal prominence and maxilllary prominence

41
Q

how does a cleft palate arise

A

failure of fusion of the palatal shelves - hard palate - to meet in the midline

42
Q

aetiology of clefts

A

both genetic and environmental fatcors

43
Q

why does fetal alcohol syndrome present with low set ears

A

alcohol arrests the ascent of ears

44
Q

at innervates the anterior 2/3 of the tngue

A

general sensation from trigeminal

taste from facial

45
Q

posterior 1/3 of tongue innervation

A

general sensation and taste from glossopharyngeal

46
Q

where does the thyroids develop fro

A

thyroid diverticulum whihc originates from the foramen caecum therefore tongue

47
Q

from which pharyngeal arch are the maxilary and mandibular prominences formed

A

first

48
Q

what happens to the pharyngeal grooves or clefts in the devloping embryo

A

all are obliterted except 1 because the secon pharyngeal acrh grows caudally covering all the other pharygeal arches and tehir grooves

this creates a small space called the cervical sinus which eventually fuses closed as the grooves disappear

49
Q

outline how a branchial cyst develops

A

incomplets fusion of the second pharyngeal arch iver the other arches/ grooves allows persistence of the cervical sinus

an open channel for communication between the sinus and the external environment may persist this gives rise to a branchial sinus

50
Q

what predisposes a branchial cyst

A

infection
minor trauma

this causes the cyst to swell making it become apparent

51
Q

how do branchial cysts present

A

smooth non tender soft masses along the anterior border of teh SCM

Head and neck (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions