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Head and neck > Session 5- Cranial Nerves continued > Flashcards

Session 5- Cranial Nerves continued Flashcards

1
Q

what are the divisions of the trigeminal nerve

A

opthalmic
maxillary
mandibular

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2
Q

which branches of the trigeminal nerve pass through the cavernous sinus

A

opthalmic and maxillary

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3
Q

what does the opthalmic nerve pass through

A

superior orbital fissure

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4
Q

what does the maxillary pass through

A

foramen rotundum

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5
Q

what does the mandibular pass through

A

foramen ovale

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6
Q

what kind of nerve is the CN V

A

motor and general sensory

trigeminal

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7
Q

what are the distal branches of the Va branch of trigeminal

A

opthalmic

  • frontal nerve- which gives rises to supraorbital/supratrochlear
  • nasocillary nerve
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8
Q

what is the distal branch of the Vb

A

maxillary

=infra-orbital and superior alveolar nerves

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9
Q

what is the distal branch of Vc

A
  • auriculotemporal nerve
  • lingual nerve
  • inferior alveolar nerve and mental nerve
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10
Q

where does the trigeminal nerve originate

A

pons

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11
Q

in varicella zoster infections where does it lie dormant

A

trigeminal ganglion then reactivates through one of the divisions usually opthalmic

causes a vescicular type rash that remains in the dermatome of the opthalmic branch

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12
Q

what is hutchinson sign

A

vescicular rash only extends down the nose if the nasocilary branch is involved

this increases the likelihood of eye being affected which threatens sight

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13
Q

what is CN VII

A

facial nerve

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14
Q

what kind of nerve is CN VII

A

motor, special sensory- taste, parasympathetic

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15
Q

which of the cranial nerves are parasympathetic

A

1973

X IX VII III

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16
Q

Where does the facial nerve originate

A

pons

specifically pontomedullary junction

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17
Q

target tissues of CN VII

A

muscles of facial expression
taste from ant 2/3 of the tongue
glands - lacrimal, salivary (not parotid), mucosal (nose) not sweat

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18
Q

how do we test if CN VII is intact

A

facial expressions

unilateral facial droop +/- reporting symptoms due to absence of the other facial nerve functions

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19
Q

route of facial nerve

A

pons- internal acoustic meatus - into petrous bone and here gives off 3 branches - enters through base of skull via sylomastoid foramen - gives off extra cranial branches= muscles of facial expression

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20
Q

what are the three intrapetrous branches of the facial nerve

A

greater petrousal nerve - supplies lacrimal, masal and oral glands

nerve to stapedius

corda tympani- carries special sensory info from ant 2/3 of tongue
parasymoathetic fibres run with it to get to yhe glands in the oral cavity- salivary

21
Q

where does the facial nerve exit the skull

A

stylomastoid foramen

22
Q

how do we differentiate between a stroke and nerve lesion in terms of facial drooping

A

forehead sparing in a stroke because forehead receives motor innervation from both hemispheres of the cerebral cortex. A stroke that compromised motor innervation of the face would therefore only result in paralysis of the lower half of the face

23
Q

how does pathology involving the motor pathways anywhere along the path from the PMC to where synapse with facial nerve motor nuclei present- before it exists the brainstem

A

upper half of contralateral face spared- has back up from ipsilateral input due to dual innervation

forehead wrinkles

24
Q

how does pathology or imjury of the facial nerve anywhere from exit from the brainstem present and along its way to muscle tissue

A

whole half ipsilateral face is drooped no back up as it has already exited the brainstem

25
Q

CN VIII

A

Vesticulocochlear

26
Q

what kind of nerve is CNVIII

A

special sensory

27
Q

where does the CN VIII originate

A

pons

28
Q

target tissues of CN VIII

A

vestibular system

cochlea

29
Q

route of CN VIII

A

exits pons-pontomedullary junction- then travels through internal acoustic meatus into the inner ear to the vestibular system - balance- and cochlea- hearing

30
Q

how do we test if the CN VIII works

A

hearing tests

31
Q

route of CN IX and X

A

arise from medulla
run through posterior cranial fossa
exit through jugular foramen
enter into carotid sheath

32
Q

what kind of nerve is CN IX

A

glossopharyngeal- mainly sensory

33
Q

target tisses of CN IX

A

post 1/3 of tongue- Somatosensory and Genreal sensory
1 swallowin muscle
afferents from carotid sinus and body
parasymoathetic to parotid

34
Q

what is the function of the soft palate

A

separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity

35
Q

what type of nerve is CN X

A

motor and sensory

36
Q

target tissues of CN X

A

muscles of larynx/ pharynx- including soft palate
sensory- larynx and laryngopharynx
parasympathetic to many tissues

37
Q

where do CN IX and X emergr

A

medulla

38
Q

how do patients present if they have lesions to CN X and CN IX

A

difficulty swallowing
weak cough
difficulties with speech or changes to voice

39
Q

how do we asesess if cranial nerve X and IX is working

A

speech
swallow
cough
soft palate movement and uvula position

40
Q

uvula position if nerve lesion

A

if lesion is left side uvula goes off centre

41
Q

where do CN XI XII emerge and what route do they take

A

medulla and run through the posterior cranial fossa they then enter the carotid sheath briefly

hypoglossal then exits and travels to the tongue
accesory exits and heads towards posterior triangle

42
Q

what type of nerve is hypogolssal

A

motor

43
Q

target tissue of CN XII

A

tongue

44
Q

where does the hypoglossal nerv exit

A

hypoglossal canal and at the level of the mandible it superficially crosses the internal and external carotid arteries

45
Q

if there is damage to the right CN XII where does the tongue deviate

A

lick your wound

deviates towards weaker side therefore right

46
Q

what kind of nerve is teh accesory nerve

A

motor

47
Q

where does CN XI emerge

A

medulla

48
Q

target tissues of CN XI

A

SCM

Trapezius

Head and neck (19 decks)

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