Session 10- Anatomy of the Larynx Flashcards
where is the larynx
between the hyoid bone above and the trachea below
begins at the laryngeal inlet and ends at the lower border of cricoid cartilage- C6
what is the most imortant function of the larynx
ventilation and airway protection
what are the other impostant finctions of the larynx
phonation
cough
what forms the structual framework of the larynx
epiglottis
thyroid
cricoid
arytenoid cartilages
what connects the thyroid cartilage to the hyoid bone
thyrohyoid membrane
where is the cricothyroid membrane
runs upwards from the crocoid cartilage but deep to the thyrod cartilage
what is a cricothyroidotomy
puncture through cricothyroid membrane allowing access to the infraglottic area
what is the larynx split into
supraglottis
glottis
subglottis
what are the functions of the muscles of the larynx
open the glottis in inspiraton
close the vestible and vocal cords during swallowing
alter the tone of the true vocal cords in phonation
function of the infrahyoid ad suprahoid muscles- not intrinsic muscles of the larynx
depress and elevate the hyoid and larynx
function of cricothyroid muscle
tensing and slightly adducting the true vocal cords by its tilting action of the thyroid cartilage on the cricoid cartilage
therefore higher pitched sounds can be made
what nerve innervates the cricothyroid muscle
external laryngeal nerve- branch of superior laryngeal nerve- branch of vagus
what nerve innervates all the intrinsic muscles of the larynx except cricothyroid
recurrent laryngeal nerve- branch of vagus
what do all of the intrinsic muscles do
alter size and shape of laryngeal inlet
alter tension in and position of true vocal cords
what is the role of the posterior cricoarytenoid
only laryngeal muscle with the capability of opening the true vocal folds, which is why it is considered to be a main respiratory muscle of the larynx.
What are the margins of the laryngeal inlet
aryepiglottic folds (2) upper edge of epiglottis
what forms aryepiglottic fold
free upper border of quadgrangular membrane
what forms false vocal cords
free lower border of quadrangular membrane = vestibular ligament
what forms the true vocal ligament
free upper border of cricothyroid membrane
what forms the supraglottis
epiglottis and false cords
what forms the glottis
below false cords- true cords
what type of epithelium lines the larynx except the true vocal cords
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
vocal cords- stratified sqamous epithelium
what happens to the epiglottis during swallowing
tongue pushes epiglottis posteriorly and aryepiglottic muscles contract narrowing laryngeal inlet
soft palate rises
epiglottis moves down
what provides sensory innervation to the inside of parynx- supraglottis and glottis
internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve
what provides motor to the cricothyroid muscle
external branch of superior laryngeal nerve
what provides sensory innervation to the infraglottis
recurrent laryngeal nerve
what provides motor innervation to the intrinsic muscles
recurrent laryngeal nerve
route of reccurent laryngeal
passes anteriorly ti then loops Right subclavian on right and arch of aorta on left
ascends in tracheo-oesophageal groove
how does inhury to recurent laryngeal nerve prsent
hoarse voice
ineffective cough
