Session 11- Thyroid and Head and Neck cancer Flashcards
what lies anterior to the thyroid gland
infrahyoid muscles
what fascia does the thyroid lie in
pre-tracheal fascia
what are the majority of HNCs
squamous cell carcinomas except thyroid
risk factors fo HNCa
smoking
alcohol
betal nut chewing
HPV virus in oropharyngeal cancers
EBV in nasopharyngeal cancers
exposure to sunlight- lip cancers
what pre malignant changes can you see in HNC
erythroplakia or leukoplakia on the tongue
what are specific risk factors for thyoid cancer
previous radiation exposure/ FHx
what may be the first presentation of an underlyinh larynx/pharynx cancer
neck lump
clinical manifestations of HNCs
unexplained painful or mucosal ulceration or lesion within oral cavity
unexplained hoarseness of voice
dysphagia
otalgia
cervical lymphadenopathy
how do we diagnose HNCa
clinical examination
biopsy
imaging
endoscopic investigation
TNM staging
