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Head and neck > Session 4- Cranial nerves I-VI > Flashcards

Session 4- Cranial nerves I-VI Flashcards

1
Q

role of cranial nerves

A

supply tissues and structures of head and neck region including special sense organs

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2
Q

what is CN 1

A

olfactory special sense smell

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3
Q

absence or reduced sense of smell

A

anosmia

hyposmia

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4
Q

commonest cause of anosmia and other causes

A

upper resp tract infection
head/facial injury- impact
anterior cranial fossa tumours

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5
Q

what is cranial nerve 2

A

optic special sense vision

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6
Q

function of CN2

A

pupillary size and response to light
visual acuity - snellen chart and visual fields
opthalmoscopy

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7
Q

describe the visual pathway

A

retinal ganglion cells

axons from optic nerve

exits back of orbit via optic canal

fibrres cross and merge at optic chiasm

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8
Q

what communication is present to aid the visual reflexes

A

visual infor coming in from the optic nerve will have a communication into the brainstem from the optic tract and will help form part of the light reflex

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9
Q

function of optic nerve

A

carries sensory fibres from the one eye

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10
Q

optic chiasm

A

mixing of sensory fibres from right and left optic nerves

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11
Q

optic tract

A

carries sensory information from part of the right eye and part of the left eye

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12
Q

what is bilateral heminopia

A

pituitary tumours that compress teh optic chiasm cause bilateral visual symptoms

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13
Q

cranial nerve topography

A 
2 2 4 4 
2- brain-forebrain
2-midbrain
4-pons
4-medulla
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14
Q

cranial nerve 3

A

oculomotor- motor and parasympathetic

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15
Q

how do we determine if there any issues with cranial nerve 2

A

inspect the pupillary size and response to light

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16
Q

what are the target tissues of the cranial nerve

3 from the midbrain

A

extra occular muscles (4 out of 6)
levator palpebrae superiosis
sphincter pupillae- in iris surrounds pupil

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17
Q

how do we determine if there is something wrong with the third nerve

A 
inspect the resting gaze 
could find
-ptosis
-abnormal positioning of eyes
-pupil may or may not be dilated
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18
Q

what is teh main blood supply to the occulomotor nerve

A

vaso nervosum

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19
Q

what are the secondary back up blood supply to the oculomotor nerve

A

pial blood vessels

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20
Q

cranial nerve 4

A

trochlear - motor

21
Q

where does CN 1 orginate

A

forebrain

22
Q

CN 2 origination

A

extension of forebrain

23
Q

where does cranial nerve 3 come from

A

midbrain

24
Q

where does cranial nerve 4 orginate

A

midbrain

25
Q

target muscle of CN4

A

superior oblique muscle

26
Q

how do we determine if there is anything wrong with the 4th cranial nerve

A

inspect resting gaze and eye movements

27
Q

how would pathology of CN4 present

A

abnormal eye position

head tilt

28
Q

route of trochlear nerve

A

orginates from midbrain then travels through cavernous sinus then through superior orbital fissure into back of eye

29
Q

CN VI

A

ABDUCENS

30
Q

where does CN VI originate

A

pons

31
Q

target of CN VI

A

lateral rectus - moves eye laterally

32
Q

how do we determine if the abducens nerve is working

A

inspect resting gaze and eye movements

33
Q

route of abducens nerve

A

travel from pons and has a steep upwards route to the cavernous sinus and travels through the superior orbital fissure

34
Q

what is the consequence of the steep upwards route of the abducens nerve

A

makes it vulnerable when there is an increase in intracranial pressure it gets stretched

35
Q

route of the first cranial nerve

A

travels from nasal cavity through holes in ethmoid bone to the temporal lobe

36
Q

route of occulomotor nerve

A

travels from the midbrain in a spiral corkscrew way very closely to the tentorum cerebelli then through the cavernous sinus then enters the superior orbital fissure

37
Q

what is the common route of the cranial nerves supplying the eye muscles

A

exit brainstem- at slightly different levels

pass through cavernous sinus

enter into the orbit via the superior orbital fissure

38
Q

what are the cranial nerves that supply the eye muscles

A

occulomotor- 3rd
abducens- 6th
trochlear- 4th

39
Q

cranial nerve 5

A

trigeminal - motor and general sensory

40
Q

what does the 5th cranial nerve supply

A

branches have extensive distribution supplying skin of the face and scalp and deep structures of the face

41
Q

how do you determine if there is damage to the trigeminal nerve

A

light touch to the Va Vb and Vc dermatomes
muscles of mastication
corneal reflex- SENSORY (motor is by facial nerve through orbicularis oculi)

42
Q

route of the trigeminal nerve

A

the opthalmic and maxillary travel through the cavernous sinus however mandibular doesnt

opthalmic-> cavernous sinus -> superior orbital fissure

maxillary -> cavernous sinus -> foramen rotundum

Mandibular -> foramen ovale

43
Q

what kind of nerve is CN I

A

special sense smell

sensory

44
Q

what kind of nerve is cranial nerve 2

A

special sense vision

optic

45
Q

what kind of nerve is the 3rd nerve

A

motor and parasympathetic

occulomotor

46
Q

what kind of nerve of CN 4

A

motor

trochlear

47
Q

what kind of nerve is the 6th nerve

A

motor abducens

48
Q

what kind of nerve is CNV

A

motor and general sensory

trigeminal

Head and neck (19 decks)

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