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Semester 2 - MSK > Session 5 - Common joint injuries > Flashcards

Session 5 - Common joint injuries Flashcards

1
Q

Covered in this deck

  • Scaphoid fractures
  • Dislocation of lunate
  • Colle’s Fracture
  • Smith’s fracture
A

To be determined

- Types of investigations to determine joint injury

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2
Q

What is a common way to fracture scaphoid?

A

Falling on an outstretched hand

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3
Q

What is the main clinical sign of a scaphoid fracture?

A

Tenderness in anatomical snuffbox

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4
Q

Why does a scaphoid fracture need to be dealt with quickly?

A

Fracture can cut off blood supply to proximal part, causing it to undergo avascular necrosis

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5
Q

How can anterior dislocation of the lunate occur?

A

By falling on a dorsiflexed wrist

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6
Q

What happens in anterior lunate dislocation?

A

The lunate can be forced anteriorly, and compresses the carpal tunnel, causing carpal tunnel syndrome.

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7
Q

How does carpal tunnel syndrome manifest itself?

A

As pins and needles in the sensory distribution of the median nerve and weakness of thenar muscles

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8
Q

Why does anterior dislocation of lunate require immediate clinical attention?

A

Lunate can undergoe avascular necrosis

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9
Q

What is a colle’s fracture?

A

A fracture of the wrist caused by falling onto an outstretched hand, fracturing the radius and displacing distal radial fragment and hand posteriorly

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10
Q

What is the deformity in Colle’s fracture known as?

A

Dinner fork deformity

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11
Q

What is special about fractures to the radius and ulnar?

A

Due to ring structure, usually both damaged in trauma to forearm

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12
Q

What is moteggia’s fracture?

A

Usually caused by a force from behind the ulna Shaft of ulna is fractured and head of the radius dislocates anteriorly at the elbow

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13
Q

What is gleazzi’s fracture?

A

Fracture of the radius, ulna head dislocated at the distal radio-ulnar joint

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14
Q

Give a common elbow dislocation

A

Young child fals of a hand when elbow flexed.
Distal end of humerus is driven through the weakest part of the joint capsule, which is anterior side.
Ulna collateral ligament torn and ulnar nerve can be damaged

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15
Q

What is another name for tennis elbow?

A

Epicondylitis

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16
Q

What is the cause of epicondylitis?

A

Most of the flexor and extensor muscles in the forearm have a common tendonous origin.Sportspersons can develop an overuse strain of the common tendon – which results in pain and inflammation around the area of the affected epicondyle.

17
Q

Where is pain in tennis elbow?

A

Lateral epicondyle from common extensor origin

18
Q

Where is pain in golfers elbow?

A

Medial epicondyle from common flexor origin

19
Q

How can a supracondylar fracture be caused?

A

Falling on a flexed elbow

20
Q

What type of fracture is a supracondylar fracture?

A

Transverse, spanning two epicondyles

21
Q

What is a complication of supracondylar fractures?

A

Volkmanns ischemic contracture and damage to medial, ulna or radial nerves

22
Q

What occurs in “pulled elbow”?

A

Head of radius subluxates from annular ligament

23
Q

What is the difference between subluxation and dislocation?

A

Dislocation complete loss of contact of joint surfaces

Subluxation partial dislocation of a joint, so bone ends misaligned but still in contact

24
Q

What is Smith’s fracture?

A

Fall onto back of the hand - opposite of Colle’s fracture.

25
Q

Give some methods of diagnosis of joint disorder

A 
X Rays 
Stress views 
Arthrography (X ray with contrast) 
MRI 
CT
26
Q

What is a sprain?

A

Damage to a ligament

27
Q

What is dislocation?

A

Complete loss of continuity of the joint

28
Q

Give two main pathological causes of joint disorder

A

Osteoathritis

Rheumatoid arthritis

29
Q

What is osteoarthritis?

A

Clinical and pathological outcome of a range of disorders that results in structural and functional failure of synovial joints

30
Q

What are the symptoms of osteoarthritis?

A 
Pain
Stiffness
Deformity
Loss of function
Crepitus
31
Q

What is rheumatoid arthritis?

A

Chronic systemic inflammatory disease, resulting in synovial hypertrophy and chronic synovial joint inflammation

32
Q

What are the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis?

A 
Stifness
Pain on motion
Limitation of motion
Swelling
Deformity

Semester 2 - MSK (36 decks)

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