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ESA 3 - Respiratory > Session 1.2j - Gray's Anatomy for Students - Thorax - Regional anatomy - Mediastinum (Part III) > Flashcards

Session 1.2j - Gray's Anatomy for Students - Thorax - Regional anatomy - Mediastinum (Part III) Flashcards

https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9780702051319000031?scrollTo=%23hl0002407

1
Q

Where does the left coronary artery originate from?

A

The left aortic sinus of the ascending aorta

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2
Q

Where does the left coronary artery pass?

A

Between the pulmonary trunk and the left auricle before entering the coronary sulcus

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3
Q

Where does the left coronary artery enter?

A

The coronary sulcus

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4
Q

Where does the left coronary artery emerge?

A

From behind the pulmonary trunk

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5
Q

What does the left coronary artery divide into?

A

Its two terminal branches

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6
Q

What are the two terminal branches of the left coronary artery?

A
  • ANTERIOR INTERVENTRICULAR branch

- CIRCUMFLEX branch (Fig. 3.71A)

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7
Q

What is the anterior interventricular branch also known as?

A

LEFT ANTERIOR DESCENDING ARTERY - LAD

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8
Q

What is the left anterior descending artery also known as?

A

(LAD) ANTERIOR INTERVENTRICULAR BRANCH

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9
Q

Where does the left anterior descending travel?

A

It continues around the left side of the pulmonary trunk and descends obliquely toward the apex of the heart (Fig. 3.71A,C).

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10
Q

Where does the left anterior descending artery lie?

A

In the anterior interventricular sulcus (Fig. 3.71A,C).

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11
Q

What does LAD divide into?

A

During its course, one or two large DIAGONAL BRANCHES may arise

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12
Q

Where are the diagonal branches of LAD?

A

These arise from LAD and descend diagonally across the anterior surface of the left ventricle.

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13
Q

Where does the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery course?

A

The CIRCUMFLEX BRANCH (Fig. 3.71A,C) courses towards the left of it, in the coronary sulcus and onto the base/diaphragmatic surface of the heart, and usually ends before reaching the posterior interventricular sulcus.

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14
Q

Where does the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery sit?

A

In the coronary sulcus

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15
Q

What is one of the large branches of the left circumflex branch of the coronary artery?

A

The LEFT MARGINAL ARTERY (Fig. 3.71A,C)

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16
Q

Where does the left marginal artery arise from?

A

The left circumflex branch of the left coronary artery

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17
Q

Where does the left marginal artery travel, after emerging from the left circumflex branch?

A

It continues across the rounded obtuse margin of the heart.

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18
Q

What does the left coronary artery supply?

A

The distribution pattern of the left coronary artery enables it to supply most of the:

  • left atrium
  • left ventricle
  • interventricular septum, including the atrioventricular bundle and its branches
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19
Q

Is the distribution pattern of the coronary arteries consistent?

A

No, several major variations in the basic distribution patterns of the coronary arteries occur.

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20
Q

What is the most common distribution pattern for the coronary arteries?

A

The distribution pattern described above for both right and left coronary arteries is the most common and consists of a right dominant coronary artery.

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21
Q

Which is more common, a right or left dominant coronary artery?

A

Right dominant coronary artery.

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22
Q

What does a right dominant coronary artery mean?

A

That the posterior interventricular branch arises from the right coronary artery.

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23
Q

In a right dominant coronary artery, what does the right coronary artery supply a large portion of?

A

The posterior wall of the left ventricle

24
Q

How does the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery appear in a right dominant coronary artery?

A

The cirumcflex branch of the left coronary artery is relatively small.

25
Q

Which artery appears relatively small in people with right dominant coronary arteries?

A

The circumflex branch of the left coronary artery.

26
Q

What is different in left and right dominant coronary arteries?

A

Right

  • posterior interventricular branch arises from right coronary artery
  • left circumflex branch is relatively small

Left
- posterior interventricular branch arises from an enlarged circumflex branch

27
Q

Where does the posterior interventricular branch arise from in a left dominant coronary artery?

A

An enlarged circumflex branch

28
Q

Which artery is enlarged in a left dominant coronary artery?

A

The circumflex branch of the left coronary artery

29
Q

What supplies most of the posterior wall of the left ventricle in a left dominant coronary artery?

A

The posterior interventricular branch from the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery (Fig. 3.72)

30
Q

What supplies the posterior wall of the left ventricle?

A

Posterior interventricular branch

31
Q

Where does the posterior interventricular branch arise?

A

Right dominant - right coronary artery

Left dominant - enlarged circumflex branch of left coronary artery

32
Q

What other anatomical variation is there in terms of cardiac vasculature, as well as right and left dominant coronary arteries?

A

Arterial supply to the sinu-atrial and atrioventricular nodes (SAN and AVN).

33
Q

What most commonly supplies the SAN and AVN?

A

In most cases, these two structures are supplied by the right coronary artery.

34
Q

What sometimes supplies the SAN and AVN?

A

Vessels from the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery

35
Q

What does the coronary sinus receive?

A 
Four major tributaries: the
- great,
- middle,
- small, and
- posterior
 cardiac veins
36
Q

Which four major tributaries does the coronary sinus receive?

A 
Great
Middle
Small
Posterior
cardiac veins
37
Q

What do the great, middle, small and posterior cardiac veins feed into?

A

The CORONARY SINUS

38
Q

Where does the great cardiac vein begin?

A

At the apex of the heart (Fig. 3.75A).

39
Q

Where does the great cardiac vein ascend?

A

In the anterior interventricular sulcus

40
Q

What is the great cardiac vein related to?

A

The anterior interventricular artery

41
Q

What is the great cardiac vein often termed as?

A

The anterior interventricular vein.

42
Q

What happens to the great cardiac vein when it reaches the coronary sulcus?

A

It turns to the left and continues onto the base/diaphragmatic surface of the heart.

43
Q

Once the great cardiac vein has reached the coronary sulcus, which vessel is it then associated with?

A

The circumflex branch of the left coronary artery.

44
Q

When and what does the great cardiac vein eventually form?

A

Continuing along its path in the coronary sulcus, the great cardiac vein gradually enlarges to form the coronary sinus

45
Q

What does the great cardiac vein form part of?

A

The coronary sinus

46
Q

Where does the coronary sinus enter?

A

The right atrium (Fig. 3.75B).

47
Q

Describe the course of the great cardiac vein

A
  • Begins at the apex of the heart
  • Ascends in the anterior interventricular sulcus
  • Reaches the coronary sulcus
  • Turns left and continues onto the base/diaphragmatic surface of the heart
  • Continues in the coronary sulcus
  • Gradually enlarges to form the coronary sinus (right atrium)
48
Q

Which arteries is the great cardiac vein associated with?

A
  • Anterior interventricular artery (in anterior interventricular sulcus)
  • Circumflex branch of left coronary artery (in coronary sulcus)
49
Q

What is the middle cardiac vein sometimes known as?

A

Posterior interventricular vein

50
Q

What is the posterior interventricular vein also known as?

A

Middle cardiac vein

51
Q

Where does the middle cardiac vein begin?

A

Near the apex of the heart

52
Q

Where does the middle cardiac vein ascend?

A

In the posterior interventricular sulcus

53
Q

What is the route of the middle cardiac vein?

A
  • Begins at the apex of the heart
  • Ascends in the posterior interventricular sulcus
  • Ends at the coronary sinus (Fig. 3.75B)
54
Q

What is the middle cardiac vein assocaited with?

A

The posterior interventricular branch of the right or left coronary artery throughout its course.

55
Q

Where does the small cardiac vein begin?

A

In the lower anterior section of the coronary sulcus between the right atrium and right ventricle (Fig. 3.75A).

ESA 3 - Respiratory (28 decks)

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