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ESA 3 - Respiratory > Session 1.1e - TeachMeAnatomy - Bones of the Thorax - Ribs > Flashcards

Session 1.1e - TeachMeAnatomy - Bones of the Thorax - Ribs Flashcards

1
Q

What are the ribs?

A

A set of twelve bones which form the protective ‘cage’ of the THORAX.

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2
Q

What do the ribs articulate with?

A

The vertebral column posteriorly

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3
Q

How do the ribs terminate?

A

They terminate anteriorly as cartilage (costal cartilage)

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4
Q

What is the function of the ribs?

A
  • Protection

- Breathing

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5
Q

What do the ribs protect?

A

As part of the bony thorax, they protect the internal thoracic organs.

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6
Q

When does the ribcage move?

A

During CHEST EXPANSION in breathing

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7
Q

Why does the ribcage move?

A

To permit lung inflation during breathing

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8
Q

What are the two classifications of ribs?

A

Atypical

Typical

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9
Q

What is different between the two classifications of ribs?

A

The typical ribs have a generalised structure, while the atypical ribs have variations on this structure.

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10
Q

What do the typical ribs consist of?

A

A head, neck and body.

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11
Q

What shape is the head of a typical rib?

A

Wedge-shaped

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12
Q

Describe the structure of the head of a typical rib.

A

It has two articular facets separated by a wedge of bone.

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13
Q

What do the facets on the head of a typical rib articulate with?

A

One facet articulates with the numerically corresponding vertebrae, and the other articulates with the vertebrae above.

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14
Q

Describe the structure of the neck of a typical rib.

A

It contains no bony prominences.

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15
Q

What is the function of the neck of a typical rib?

A

It connects the head with the body.

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16
Q

What do you find when the neck meets the body (head?) of a typical rib?

A

A roughed tubercle

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17
Q

What do you find on the roughed tubercle of the neck of a typical rib?

A

A facet for articulation with the transverse process of the corresponding vertebrae.

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18
Q

What does the transverse process of the corresponding vertebrae articulate with?

A

The roughed tubercle on the neck, near the head, of a typical rib.

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19
Q

What is the body of a typical rib sometimes known as?

A

The SHAFT.

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20
Q

Describe the structure of the body/shaft of a typical rib.

A

It is flat and curved.

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21
Q

What does the body/shaft of a typical rib have?

A

The internal surface of the shaft has a groove.

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22
Q

What is the groove on the body/shaft of a typical rib for?

A

The neurovascular supply of the thorax

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23
Q

Why does the neurovascular supply run in the costal groove of the body of a typical rib?

A

To protect the vessels and nerves from damage.

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24
Q

Which ribs are atypical?

A

Ribs 1, 2, 10, 11 and 12.

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25
Q

Why are atypical ribs so named?

A

They have features that are not common to all ribs.

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26
Q

Describe rib 1 in comparison to other ribs.

A

It is shorter and wider than the other ribs.

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27
Q

Describe the head of rib 1.

A

It only has one facet on its head for articulation with its corresponding vertebrae.

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28
Q

Why is the structure of the head of rib 1 slightly different to other ribs?

A

It only has one facet, rather than two, for articulation with its corresponding vertebrae, because there isn’t a thoracic vertebrae above it.

29
Q

What is significant about the superior surface of rib 1?

A

It is marked by two grooves, which make way for the subclavian vessels.

30
Q

Where and what function are the two grooves on rib 1 found/for?

A

On the superior surface, to make way for the subclavian vessels.

31
Q

Describe rib 2 in comparison to rib 1.

A

Rib 2 is thinner and longer than rib 1.

32
Q

Describe the head of rib 2.

A

it has two articular facets on the head as normal.

33
Q

What is significant about the upper surface of rib 2?

A

It has a roughened area

34
Q

Why does rib 2 have a roughened area on its upper surface?

A

It is where the serratus anterior muscle attaches.

35
Q

What is atypical about rib 10?

A

It only has one facet - for articulation with its numerically corresponding vertebrae?

36
Q

Which ribs contain no neck?

A

Ribs 11 and 12

37
Q

Describe the structure of ribs 11 and 12.

A

They have no neck, and only contain one facet, which is for articulation with their corresponding vertebrae.

38
Q

Which ribs only contain one facet?

A

Ribs 1, 10, 11 and 12.

This is for articulation with their corresponding vertebrae.

39
Q

Describe the atypical ribs.

A

Ribs 1, 10, 11 and 12 only have one facet for articulation with their corresponding vertebrae.

Ribs 1, 2 have grooves/areas on their superior surface, for subclavian vessels/serratus anterior respectively.

Ribs 11, 12 have no neck.

40
Q

The majority of the ribs have an ________ and _________ articulation.

A

Anterior and posterior

41
Q

What do the ribs articulate with posteriorly?

A

With the VERTEBRAE of the spine

42
Q

Which ribs articulate posteriorly with the vertebrae of the spine?

A

All twelve

43
Q

Each ribs forms ___ joints.

Name them.

A

two

COSTOTRANSVERSE JOINT
COSTOVERTEBRAL JOINT

44
Q

Where is the costotransverse joint?

A

Between the tubercle of the rib and the transverse costal facet of the corresponding vertebrae.

45
Q

Where is the costovertebral joint?

A

Between the head of the rib, superior costal facet of the corresponding vertebrae, and the inferior costal facet of the vertebrae above.

46
Q

What are the anterior attachments of ribs 1-7?

A

These attach independently to the sternum

47
Q

What are the anterior attachments of ribs 8-10?

A

These attach to the costal cartilages superior to them

48
Q

What are the anterior attachments of ribs 11-12?

A

These do not have an anterior attachment and end in the abdominal musculature. because of this, they are sometimes called ‘floating ribs’.

49
Q

Which ribs are the ‘floating ribs’ and why are they so-named?

A

Ribs 11 and 12, because they do not have an anterior attachment and instead end in abdominal musculature.

50
Q

(Clinical Relevance: Rib Fractures)

Where do rib fractures most commonly occur?

A

In the middle ribs

51
Q

(Clinical Relevance: Rib Fractures)

How did rib fractures normally occur?

A

As a consequence of CRUSHING injuries or direct trauma.

52
Q

(Clinical Relevance: Rib Fractures)

What is a common complication of a rib fracture?

A

Further SOFT TISSUE INJURY.

53
Q

(Clinical Relevance: Rib Fractures)

How can further soft tissue injury occur in rib fractures?

A

From the broken fragments.

54
Q

(Clinical Relevance: Rib Fractures)

What structures are most at risk of damage in a rib fracture?

A

Lungs
Spleen
Diaphragm

55
Q

(Clinical Relevance: Rib Fractures)

What happens to the muscles if two or more fractures occur in two or more adjacent ribs?

A

The affected area is no longer under control of the thoracic muscles.

56
Q

(Clinical Relevance: Rib Fractures)

Under what situation is the lung not under control of the thoracic muscles?

A

If two or more fractures occur in two or more adjacent ribs.

57
Q

(Clinical Relevance: Rib Fractures)

What movement occurs when 2+ fractures occur in 2+ adjacent ribs?

A

A paradoxical movement during lung inflation and deflation.

58
Q

(Clinical Relevance: Rib Fractures)

What is it called when an injured area is no longer under control of the thoracic muscles, due to 2+ fractures in 2+ adjacent ribs (multiple fractures in multiple ribs), so the area moves independently (paradoxically during lung inflation and deflation)?

A

Flail chest

59
Q

(Clinical Relevance: Rib Fractures)

What is flail chest?

A

When a patient suffers multiple fractures in multiple ribs, so the injured area is no longer under thoracic control, and thus moves independently and paradoxically during breathing.

60
Q

(Clinical Relevance: Rib Fractures)

What problems occur physiologically in a patient with flail chest?

A

It impairs full expansion of the ribcage, thus affecting the oxygen content of the blood.

61
Q

(Clinical Relevance: Rib Fractures)

How is flail chest treated?

A

By fixing the affected ribs, preventing their paradoxical movement.

62
Q

Fig. 1

Label the key and caption

A
  • Ribs
  • Costal cartilage
  • Sternum

Overview of the ribs and costal cartilage.

63
Q

Fig. 2

Label the image and caption

A
  • ARTICULAR FACET: Articulates with the vertebrae above
  • ARTICULAR FACET: Articulates with numerically corresponding vertebrae (correctly labelled)
  • TUBERCLE: Articulates with numerically corresponding vertebrae
  • COSTAL GROOVE: For intercostal vein, artery and nerve

The bony landmarks of a typical rib.

64
Q

Fig. 3

Label the image and caption

A
  • Costovertebral joint
  • Costotransverse joint
    (Correctly labelled)

Articulations between a rib and its numerically corresponding vertebrae.

65
Q

Fig. 4

Explain what this x-ray is showing.

A

Radiograph of multiple fractured ribs, producing ‘flail chest’

66
Q

Which option correctly describe the contents of the costal groove?

A. Intercostal artery
B. Intercostal vein
C. Intercostal nerve
D. All of the above

A

D. All of the above

The intercostal artery, vein and nerve all run in the costal groove.

67
Q

Which part of the vertebrae does the tubercle of each rib articulate with?

A. Spinous process
B. Superior costal facet
C. Inferior costal facet
D. Transverse process

A

D. Transverse process

The tubercle is located at the neck of each rib, and articulates with the transverse process of the numerically corresponding vertebrae

68
Q

Which statement below correctly describes a feature of the second rib?

A. It only has one articular facet
B. It has no neck
C. It has a roughened area for attachment of the serratus anterior
D. It is marked by the subclavian vessels

A

C. It has a roughened area for attachment of the serratus anterior

Rib 2 is marked by a roughened area on its upper surface for the attachment of the serratus anterior

ESA 3 - Respiratory (28 decks)

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