Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ESA 3 - Respiratory > Session 1.1k - TeachMeAnatomy - Lungs > Flashcards

Session 1.1k - TeachMeAnatomy - Lungs Flashcards

http://teachmeanatomy.info/thorax/organs/lungs/

1
Q

The lungs are the major organs of ___?

A

Respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where are the lungs located?

A

In the chest, either side of the mediastinum, within the thoracic cavity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the function of the lungs?

A

To oxygenate blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do the lungs oxygenate blood?

A

They achieve this by bringing inspired air into close contact with oxygen-poor blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is each lung surrounded by?

A

By a pleural cavity, which is formed by the visceral and parietal pleura.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the lungs suspended from the mediastinum by?

A

The LUNG ROOT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where is the lung root?

A

it suspends the pleura from the mediastinum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the lung root hold?

A

A collection of structures entering and leaving the lungs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where do the medial surfaces of both lungs lie?

A

In close proximity to several mediastinal structures.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which capillaries does inspired air come into close contact with oxygen-poor blood?

A

The pulmonary capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The medial surface of the left lung is in close proximity to which structures?

A
  • Heart
  • Arch of aorta
  • Thoracic aorta
  • Oesophagus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The medial surface of the right lung is in close proximity to which structures?

A
  • Oesophagus
  • Heart
  • Inferior vena cava
  • Superior vena cava
  • Azygous vein
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What shape are the lungs?

A

They are roughly CONE shaped.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Each lung consists of:

A
  • APEX
  • BASE
  • LOBES (two or three)
  • SURFACES (three)
  • BORDERS (three)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which lungs is smaller?

A

The left lung is slightly smaller than the right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why is the left lung smaller than the right?

A

Due to the presence of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where is the apex of the lung?

A

The blunt superior end of the lung.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where does the apex of the lung lie in relation to other structures?

A

It projects upwards, above the level of the 1st rib and into the floor of the neck.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where is the base of the lung?

A

The inferior surface of the lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where does the base of the lung sit?

A

On the diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How many lobes of the lung are there?

A

The right and left lungs do not have an identical lobular structure.

Left - 2
Right - 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How are the lobes of the lung separated?

A

By fissures within the lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How many surfaces of the lung are there?

A

3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How are the surfaces of the lungs named?

A

They correspond to the area of the thorax that they face

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are the surfaces of the lungs?

A
  • Costal
  • Mediastinal
  • Diaphragmatic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

How many borders of the lungs are there?

A

3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are the borders of the lungs?

A

The edges of he lungs

  • anterior
  • inferior
  • posterior
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are the lobes of the right lung?

A

THREE LOBES:

  • superior
  • middle
  • inferior
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

How are the lobes of the right lung divided?

A

By two fissures:

  • OBLIQUE
  • HORIZONTAL
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Where is the oblique fissure?

A

Runs from the inferior border of the lung in a superoposterior direction, until it meets the posterior lung border.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Where is the horizontal fissure?

A

Runs horizontally from the sternum, at the level of the 4th rib, to meet the oblique fissure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Where do the horizontal and oblique fissure meet?

A

At the level of the 4th rib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What lobes do the left lung contain?

A

Superior and inferior lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

How are the superior and inferior lobe separate?

A

By an oblique fissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Where are the lung surfaces?

A

There are three, each corresponding to an area of the thorax.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Where is the mediastinal surface of the lung?

A

It faces the lateral aspect of the middle mediastinum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

The part of the lung facing the lateral aspect of the middle mediastinum is known as the ___

A

MEDIASTINAL SURFACE.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What notable structure is found on the mediasitnal surface?

A

The lung HILUM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What is the lung hilum?

A

Where structures enter and leave the lung.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What is the base of the lung formed by?

A

The DIAPHRAGMATIC SURFACE.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Where does the diaphragmatic surface rest?

A

On the dome of the diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What shape is the diaphragmatic surface?

A

Concave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

The concavity of the diaphragmatic surface is deeper where ___?

A

In the right lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Why is the concavity deeper in the right lung?

A

Due to the higher position of the right dome overlying the liver.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What structure lies on the right side which deepens the concavity of the diaphragmatic surface of the lung?

A

Liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Describe the costal surface structure.

A

It is smooth and convex.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Where does the costal surface face?

A

The internal surface of the chest wall.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What is the costal surface related to?

A

The costal pleura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

The costal surface is related to the costal pleura. This separates it from what?

A

The ribs and innermost intercostal muscles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

What is the anterior border of the lung?

A

This is formed by the convergence of the mediastinal and costal surfaces,

51
Q

What marks the anterior border on the left lung?

A

A deep notch

52
Q

A deep notch marks the anterior border on which lung?

A

The left

53
Q

What creates the deep notch on the anterior border of the left lung?

A

The apex of the heart.

54
Q

What is the deep notch on the anterior border of the lung called?

A

The CARDIAC NOTCH.

55
Q

What is the inferior border of the lung?

A

Separates the base of the lung from the costal and mediastinal surfaces.

56
Q

Describe the structure of the borders.

A

Posterior - smooth and rounded
Anterior - sharp
Inferior - sharp

57
Q

Where is the posterior border?

A

It is formed by the costal and mediastinal surfaces meeting posteriorly.

58
Q

What is the lung root?

A

A collection of structures that suspends the lung from the mediastinum.

59
Q

What do lung roots contain?

A

Each root contains a:

  • bronchus
  • pulmonary artery
  • two pulmonary veins
  • bronchial vessels
  • pulmonary plexus of nerves
  • lymphatic vessels
60
Q

Where do the structures of the lung roots enter or leave the lung?

A

Via the HILUM

61
Q

Describe the structure of the hilum.

A

A wedge shaped area on its mediastinal surface.

62
Q

What is the bronchial tree?

A

A series of passages that supplies air to the alveoli of the lungs.

63
Q

Where does the bronchial tree begin?

A

The TRACHEA

64
Q

What does the trachea divide into?

A

A left and right bronchus

65
Q

What is the clinical relevance of the right bronchus?

A

The right bronchus has a higher incidence of foreign body inhalation due to its wider shape and more vertical course.

66
Q

Where do the main bronchus enter?

A

The root of the lung

67
Q

Where do the main bronchus pass?

A

Through the hilum

68
Q

Where do the main bronchus divide?

A

Inside he lung

69
Q

What do the main bronchus divide into?

A

LOBAR BRONCHI

70
Q

What do lobar bronchi supply?

A

Each lobe

71
Q

What do lobar bronchus divide into?

A

Several tertiary SEGMENTAL BRONCHI

72
Q

What do segmental bronchi supply?

A

Provides air to a bronchopulmonary segment

73
Q

What is a bronchopulmonary segment?

A

These are the functional units of the lungs.

74
Q

What do the segmental bronchi give rise to?

A

Many conducting bronchioles

75
Q

What do the conducting bronchioles eventually lead into?

A

TERMINAL BRONCHIOLES

76
Q

What do terminal bronchioles give off?

A

Respiratory bronchioles

77
Q

Describe the structures that respiratory bronchioles feature.

A

Thin walled outpocketings that extend from their lumens.

78
Q

What are the structures that arise from the respiratory bronchioles called?

A

Alveoli

79
Q

What are the alveoli?

A

The site of gaseous exchange.

80
Q

The lungs are supplied with deoxygenated blood by ___?

A

The paired PULMONARY ARTERIES

81
Q

What do the pulmonary arteries supply?

A

Deoxygenated blood to the lungs.

82
Q

Once the blood has received oxygenation, what happens?

A

It leaves the lungs

83
Q

How does oxygenated blood leave the lungs?

A

Via PULMONARY VEINS

84
Q

What do pulmonary veins carry?

A

Oxygenated blood

85
Q

How many pulmonary veins are there?

A

Four (two for each lung).

86
Q

Which structures require an extra nutritive blood supply?

A
  • Bronchi
  • Lung roots
  • Visceral pleura
  • Supporting lung tissues
87
Q

The bronchi, lung roots, visceral pleura and supporting lung tissues require an extra nutritive blood supply. Where is this delivered from?

A

The BRONCHIAL ARTERIES

88
Q

What do the bronchial arteries supply?

A
  • Bronchi
  • Lung roots
  • Visceral pleura
  • Supporting lung tissues
89
Q

Where do the bronchial arteries arise?

A

From the descending aorta

90
Q

What provides venous drainage?

A

The bronchial veins

91
Q

The bronchial veins provide

A

VENOUS DRAINAGE

92
Q

Where does the right bronchial vein drain into?

A

The azygos vein

93
Q

What drains into the azygos vein?

A

The right bronchial vein

94
Q

Where does the left bronchial vein drain into?

A

Accessory hemiazygos vein

95
Q

What drains into the accessory hemiazygos vein?

A

The left bronchial vein

96
Q

Where are the nerves of the lungs derived from?

A

The PULMONARY PLEXUSES

97
Q

The pulmonary plexuses feature what fibres?

A
  • SYMPATHETIC
  • PARASYMPATHETIC
  • VISCERAL AFFERENT
98
Q

Where are the parasympathetic fibres of the pulmonary plexus derived?

A

From the vagus nerve

99
Q

What do the parasympathetic fibres of the pulmonary plexus stimulate?

A
  • Secretion from the bronchial glands
  • Contraction of the bronchial smooth muscle
  • Vasodilation of the pulmonary vessels
100
Q

Where are the sympathetic fibres of the pulmonary plexus derived?

A

The sympathetic trunks

101
Q

What do the sympathetic fibres of the pulmonary plexus stimulate?

A
  • Relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle

- Vasoconstriction of the pulmonary vessels

102
Q

What do the visceral afferent fibres of the pulmonary plexus do?

A

Conduct pain impulses to the sensory ganglion of the vagus nerve

103
Q

(Clinical Relevance - Pulmonary Embolism)

What is a pulmonary embolism?

A

The obstruction of a pulmonary artery by a substance that has travelled from elsewhere in the body.

104
Q

(Clinical Relevance - Pulmonary Embolism)

What are the most common emboli?

A
  • THROMBUS
  • FAT
  • AIR
105
Q

(Clinical Relevance - Pulmonary Embolism)

How common is a thrombus emboli?

A

It is responsible for the majority of cases

106
Q

(Clinical Relevance - Pulmonary Embolism)

Where do thrombi emboli come from?

A

Usually arises in a distant vein

107
Q

(Clinical Relevance - Pulmonary Embolism)

Where do fat emboli come from?

A

Following a bone fracture or orthopaedic surgery

108
Q

(Clinical Relevance - Pulmonary Embolism)

Where do air emboli come from?

A

Following cannulation in the neck

109
Q

(Clinical Relevance - Pulmonary Embolism)

What is the immediate effect of a PE?

A

A REDUCTION IN LUNG PERFUSION

110
Q

(Clinical Relevance - Pulmonary Embolism)

What does a PE result in?

A

Decreased blood oxygenation

111
Q

(Clinical Relevance - Pulmonary Embolism)

Where does blood accumulate in a PE?

A

PE results in the accumulation of blood in the right ventricle of the heart.

112
Q

(Clinical Relevance - Pulmonary Embolism)

What are the clinical features of PE?

A

Include:

  • dyspnoea
  • chest pain
  • cough
  • haemoptysis
  • tachypnoea
113
Q

(Clinical Relevance - Pulmonary Embolism)

How is the probability of a PE assessed?

A

In clinical medicine, the Wells’ score is used to assess the probability of PE.

114
Q

(Clinical Relevance - Pulmonary Embolism)

How do you treat a PE?

A

Definitive treatment involves ANTICOAGULATION and THROMBOLYTIC THERAPY

115
Q

(Clinical Relevance - Pulmonary Embolism)

What does treatment of a PE do?

A

Reduces the size of the embolus, and prevents further clotting

116
Q

Fig. 1

Caption the image

A

Anatomical position of the lungs

117
Q

Fig. 2

  • Identify the left and right lungs
  • Label the lungs
  • Fill in the key
  • Caption the image
A

Left

  • Hilum
  • Oblique fissure

Right
- Horizontal fissure

  • Superior lobe
  • Inferior lobe
  • Middle lobe

The lobes and fissures of the lungs. The oblique fissures are similar in both lungs.

118
Q

Fig. 3

Label and caption the image.

A
  • Parietal pleura
  • Visceral pleura
  • Pleural cavity
  • Lung hilum

The parietal and visceral pleura, and the pleural cavity. Note how the two layers of pleura are continuous at the hilum of the lung.

119
Q

Fig. 4

Caption the image

A

The bronchial tree of the respiratory system

120
Q

Fig. 5

  • Fill in the key
  • Caption the image
A
  • Airways
  • Pulmonary ARTERIES
  • Pulmonary VEINS

The vasculature of the lungs. Note that the arteries carry deoxygenated blood, and the veins carry oxygenated blood.

121
Q

How many lobes does the right lung have?

A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5

A

B. 3

The right lung has three lobes - upper, middle and lower. The left lung has two lobes.

122
Q

The right lung contains a horizontal fissure. What rib does this fissure follow the course of?

A. 2nd
B. 3rd
C. 4th
D. 5th

A

C. 4th

123
Q

The parasympathetic supply to the lungs is derived from which nerve?

A. Phrenic nerve
B. Intercostal nerves T5-7
C. Vagus nerve
D. Superior cervical ganglion

A

C. Vagus nerve

ESA 3 - Respiratory (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions