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Basic > Seperation Standards > Flashcards

Seperation Standards Flashcards

1
Q

Under what conditions can own VMC separation be carried out?

A

During the day in class D and E airspace.
For a specified portion of the flight below 10,000 ft during climb and descent.
Agreed on by all pilots involved and ATC.

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2
Q

What is VMC?

A

Visual Meteorological Conditions

Conditions under which VFR can be carried out.

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3
Q

Under what conditions can minimum separation be reduced?

A 
When a safety assessment and user consultation has been carried out.
Determined by appropriate ATS authority.
Rapid update flight/nav aids.
Trajectory prediction systems. 
Equipped with RNAV.
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4
Q

What is essential local traffic?

A

Aircrafts, vehicles and personnel operating near or on the manoeuvring area, or in the vicinity of the aerodrome, that may constitute a hazard.

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5
Q

What is the local essential traffic transmission procedure?

A

Identification of the aircraft to whom the information is being transmitted.
“Traffic is/Additional traffic is”
Description of essential local traffic in terms that facilitate recognition.
Position of the essential traffic relative to the aircraft and its direction of movement.

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6
Q

Describe the minimum seperation for departing IRF

A

One minute - if flying tracks diverging at least 45°
Two minutes - when preceding 40kts or faster than the following aircraft on same track.
Five minutes - when preceding aircraft is 20kts or faster than the following aircraft on same track.
10 minute - if not of the above applies.

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7
Q

When can own seperation be carried out?

A

The controller has each aircraft in sight.
Pilots have each other in sight and report can maintain own separation.
The following pilot can see the aircraft ahead and can maintain seperation.

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8
Q

When can take-off/landing be commenced?

A

When the preceding aircraft has crossed the runway in use or has started a turn.
All preceding landing aircraft are clear of the runway in use.

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9
Q

List the wake turbulance seperation distances for IFR arriving

A

Heavy - Heavy 4nm
- Medium 5nm
- Light 6nm
Medium - Light 5nm

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10
Q

When is control transferred to Aerodrome?

A

VFR - inbound when pilot has reported aerodrome in sight.

IFR - inbound when established on ILS and required separation has been provided by approach.

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11
Q

When is control transfered from aerodrome?

A

VFR - outbound prior to leaving the vicinity provided all required traffic information has been given.
IFR - outbound once airborne and stabilised on climb.
IFR - inbound if missed approach.

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12
Q

What information is provided before a taxi to runway?

A

Runway in use.
Surface wind direction and speed.
Aerodrome QNH or QFE

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13
Q

Define wake turbulance?

A

The effect of the rotating air masses generated behind the wing tips of a large jet aircraft.

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14
Q

What are the wake turbulance categories?

A

Heavy - 136,000kg or more
Medium 7,000kg or more
Light - up to 7,000kg

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15
Q

When is 3 minute seperation required?

A

Light arriving behind either Heavy or Medium

When departing further up the runway than the previous

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16
Q

When is 2 minute seperation applied?

A

Departing L/M behind H and L behind M on the same runway or on parallel runways seperated by less than 760m
When runways are parallel or cross and flight paths cross at less then 1000ft
Dispaced landing threshold
Taking off and landing in opposite directions

17
Q

When does ATC not need to pass wake turbulance seperation?

A

Arriving VFR after Heavy and Medium.
IFR executing visual approach
Caution of possible wake turbulance should be passed.

18
Q

What are the vertical seperation minina?

A

1000ft up to FL 290, after which 2000ft is required unless RVSM up to FL410, after which 2000ft seperation must be maintained.

19
Q

What is MASPS?

A

Minimum Aircraft System Performance Specification
The requirements for RVSM compliance
Approval gained by state in which operator is based or in which the aircraft is registered.

20
Q

What is FLOS?

A

Flight Level Orientation System

21
Q

List the RVSM status qualifiers:

A

RVA - Approved
RVN - Not compliant
RVU - Compliance unknown
RVX - exempt

22
Q

What must ATC do if MASPS compliance is lost?

A

The aircraft must be cleared out of RVSM airspace, with the exception of emergency or hindrance to safety.

23
Q

When can’t an aircraft be cleared to a previously occupied level after report of vacation?

A

Severe turbulance
Higher aircraft is in cruise climb
The difference in performance may result is loss of seperation

24
Q

What are the divergent track seperation rules?

A

VOR - 15° or more +15nm
NDB - 30° or more +15nm
RNAV - 15° + when the protected airspace do not overlap.
Unless 45° or greater in which case 5nm

25
Q

What are the GNSS and VOR/GNSS horizontal seperation?

A

Up to FL190 - 15nm from common point

FL200 to FL600 - 23nm from common point

26
Q

Define same track:

A

Tracks in the same direction with an angular difference of less than 45° or more than 315 °

27
Q

Define reciprocal track:

A

Opposite tracks the angular difference of which is more than 135° but less than 225°

28
Q

Define crossing track:

A

Tracks where the angular difference is between 45° and 135° or 225° and 315°

29
Q

What is the horizontal seperation required for same level and track?

A

15 min or 20nm
10 mins with appropriate nav aids
5 mins or 10 nm if the preceding aircraft is 20kts faster
3 mins if 40 its faster

30
Q

What is the horizontal seperation required for climbing and descending on same track?

A

15 mins
10 mins with ground Based navaids or GNSS
5 min level change started within 10nmins or 2nd aircraft reporting over common point.
10 miles at level intersection

31
Q

What is the horizontal seperation required for crossing tracks?

A

15 mins or 20 miles at intersection
10 mins if nav aid
10 miles if preceding aircraft is 20kts and relative angle less than 90°

32
Q

What is the horizontal seperation required for reciprocal tracks?

A

Vertical seperation must be provided for 10 min prior to and after estimated passing time, or 10 nm apaer after passing.

33
Q

What horizontal seperation is required around holds?

A

Vertical seperation whilst within 5 minutes of holding área

34
Q

What is Alpha Midnight?

A

Squawk A0000
Mode C corrupted do not use for verification
5000ft of seperation required

35
Q

What is required for vertical seperation when leveling off?

A

1000ft +/- 200ft and three sweeps of the radar

36
Q

When is a level vacated?

A

400ft out of level

Can now be allocated, seperation of 1000ft must be maintained.

37
Q

When climbing or descending past an aircraft what vertical seperation is required?

A

1000ft +400ft per aircraft that is not maintaining level.

Basic (16 decks)

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