Separation techniques Flashcards
1
Q
Pure Substances:
A
- Compounds, elements
- Single substance made out of one type of particle.
2
Q
Mixtures:
A
- Two or more substances are mixed together.
- Do not react or behave same way as pure substances.
3
Q
Separating by particle size:
A
- Sieving - used to separate solids with different particle sizes.
- Gravitational filtration - when you rely on the weight of the solid particles to filter the two materials.
- Vacuum filtration - Useful if particles are light.
4
Q
Filtration:
A
Used to separate an insoluble substance from a soluble substance.
- Separate heterogenous mixtures.
- Porous barrier to separate the solid from the liquid.
5
Q
Separation by density:
A
-Sedimentation : Dense materials drop to the bottom, decantation is when you pour the liquid at the top away.
- Separation funnels: Used when two substances dont mix, the tap at the bottom is used to clear out the more dense substance.
- Centrifugation: Is when a mixture is spun in a centrifuge to settle the particles may not settle naturally.
6
Q
Separation by boiling point:
A
- Evaporation: boil of the liquid (solvent) and it leaves with the dissolved material (solute).
- Distillation: uses evaporation to collect gases, then condensed and collected again as liquid separately.
- Fractional distillation: Used for mixtures with several different substances with different boiling points.
7
Q
Crystallization
A
- Separation technique that results in formation of pure solid particles from a solution containing the dissolved substance.
- As the solvent evaporates, the dissolved substance comes out of the solution and collects as crystals.
- Highly pure solids
8
Q
Separation by electric charge:
A
- Electrostatic separation can be used to separate charged solid particles from a gas.
- Chromatography: relies on stickiness of a material to a static medium, separates components of a mixture out.
9
Q
Magnetic separation:
A
- Used to separate a magnetic substance from a non-magnetic substance.
