Hydrocarbons

Question 1

Define the term organic chemistry:

Answer 1

Referred to the chemistry of carbon.

Question 2

Hydrocarbons:

Answer 2

Are a group of substances that contain only hydrogen and carbon atoms.

Question 3

Name the two branches of hydrocarbons:

Answer 3

-Aliphatic (Alkanes, alkenes, alkynes)
-Aromatic

Question 4

Aliphatic Hydrocarbons:

Answer 4

carbon atoms can be joined together in straight chains, branched chains, or non-aromatic rings.

Question 5

What are alkanes?

Answer 5

Saturated hydrocarbons
- Means only single bonds
- Cn H2n+2

Question 6

What is the bond angle of a carbon in single bonds?

Answer 6

109deg… Tetrahedral arrangement
- Free to rotate

Question 7

Structural isomers?

Answer 7

Are substances with same number of each type of atoms, but are arranged differently.
-Same molecular formula
-Different structural formula

Question 8

Alkenes?

Answer 8

Unsaturated hydrocarbons:
- More than a single bond
- Cn H2n

Question 9

Cycloalkanes:

Answer 9

Alkanes in a ring formation, named with a prefix “cyclo”
- Cn H2n

Question 10

Molecular formula:

Answer 10

shows the number of each type of atom in a molecule
- E.x. C2H6

Question 11

Structural formula

Answer 11

Shows the bonding arrangement of the atoms in a molecule.
(Drawing)

Question 12

Aromatic Compounds:

Answer 12

-Describes a large number of cyclic substances.

Question 13

Define aromaticity:

Answer 13

Describes a molecule with alternating single and double bonds, known as a conjugated system.

Question 14

Conjugated system:

Answer 14

Alternating single and double bonds.

Question 15

Benzene:

Answer 15

• Aromatic
• Kekule discovered structure
• Alternating double and single bonds
• 6 delocalised valence electrons
• Delocalised structure
  -All bonds between carbons are the same length
• Length is about between a single and double bond
• Extremely stable