Sensory Pt 2 Flashcards
most important cataract surgery post op
Elevate HOB 30-45 degrees immediately post-op
methods to prevent increased IOP post op cataract
Do not sleep on operated side for 3-4 weeks
Avoid rubbing; protect the eyes with patch
Do not bend over below waistline
Avoid heavy physical activity x6 weeks
Avoid sneezing, coughing, straining, vomiting
when do you notify the physician post op cataract
Redness of the eye increases or eye pain is severe
If discharge from eye increases or changes color (to greenish)
Vision decreases
Second leading cause of blindness
glaucoma
May damage the eye without the person being aware of it
Characterized by increased IOP associated with progressive loss of peripheral vision
Cupping of the optic disc and optic nerve destruction
Progressively destroys the optic nerve
glaucoma
carry impulses of sight from the retina to the brain
optic nerve fibers
what results in nerve fiber death and eventually glaucoma
Increased IOP and loss of blood flow to the optic nerve
Caused by a reduction in the outflow of aqueous humor due to obstruction in trabecular meshwork
Develops slowly; no symptoms
Primary/Chronic Open Angle Glaucoma (90%)
Outflow of aqueous humor is impaired due to narrowing of the angle between the iris and cornea
Primary/Chronic Closed Angle Glaucoma
Sudden severe eye pain; nausea and vomiting; colored halos; blurred vision; ocular redness. MEDICAL EMERGENCY
Acute Closed Angle Glaucoma
symptoms of primary chronic open angle glaucoma
Frequent change in eye glasses without any improvement in vision
Inability of eyes to adjust to darkened rooms
Loss of peripheral vision
Rainbow colored rings around lights
Persistent dull eye pain
Headaches
normal vs glaucoma pressure in eye
normal 10-21
glaucoma 22-32
Treatment for Primary/Chronic Open-Angle Glaucoma
beta adrenergic blockers
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
miotic eye drops
Primary/Chronic Open-Angle Glaucoma Surgical Treatment
Trabeculoplasty
Trabeculectomy
symptoms of acute Closed-Angle Glaucoma
Severe pain Decreased vision Pupil enlarged and fixed Colored rings (halos) around lights Eye is red Steamy cornea IOP 50 mmHg or higher
what happens during acute closed angle glaucoma
A blockage of the trabecular meshwork at the point of fluid outflow. IOP increases and may cause damage to the optic nerve. (Optic nerve transmits images from the eye to the brain)
Treatment for Acute Closed-Angle Glaucoma
osmotic diuretics, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, miotic eye drops
Attempts to lower IOP by directly damaging the ciliary bodies (permanently)
Procedure frequently needs to be repeated
Patients are at risk for severe inflammation; retinal detachment and hemorrhaging
Laser iridotomy
Performed to form a permanent connection between the anterior and posterior chambers
Prevents the iris from occluding the anterior chamber
Performed when laser treatment is unsuccessful
Peripheral iridectomy
signs/symptoms of pts with glaucoma that should be reported immediately
Eye pain
Sudden change in vision
Halos around lights
often develop in eyes with retinas weakened by a hole or tear
Fluid then seeps underneath weakening the attachment
retinal detachment
what occurs to eyesight when retina detaches
the retina cannot compose a clear image from incoming light and vision is blurred and dim
blindness can occur
Occurs when the two retinal layers separate as a result of a full-thickness break in the sensory retina
Results in liquefied vitreous humor passing through into the subretinal space
detached retina
causes of detached retina
Trauma Myopic degeneration Tumors Hemorrhage May follow sudden severe physical exertion in a debilitated individual May occur suddenly or develop over time
