Fluid/Electrolyte Flashcards
normal sodium lab values
136-145
normal potassium lab values
3.5-5
normal calcium lab values
9-10.5
normal chloride lab values
98-106
normal magnesium lab values
1.8-2.6
works on kidney nephrons
increases blood osmolarity, blood volume , and potassium excretion
aldosterone
released from pituitary gland
acts on kidney
reabsorbs water (retains)
ADH
secreted by ANP in response to increased blood volume and BP
opposite effects of aldosterone
urine output increase, kidney reabsorption of sodium is inhibited
natriuretic peptide
triggered when there is a change in blood indicating that perfusion is at risk (ie/ low BP)
activates angiotensin
renin
constricts arteries and veins, decreases urine output, aldosterone secretion increases
angiotensin
most common type of fluid loss problem
leads to hypovolemia and decreased perfusion
isotonic dehydration
body’s response to isotonic dehydration
body increases vasoconstriction and peripheral resistance
what is indicative of dehydration
weight loss and changes in mental status
increased HR, decreased BP and pulse
increased RR
priority during dehydration
fluid replacement (daily fluid intake should be 1500 mL)
excessive fluid in ECF space
hypervolemia
drug therapy for fluid overload (overhydration)
diuretics to remove excess fluid
who is most at risk for electrolyte imbalance
older, ill, chronic kidney and endocrine disorders
when does balance occur
when dietary intake of electrolytes matches kidney electrolyte excretion or reabsorption
major cation in ECF and maintains osmolality
sodium
where are the sodium levels high and low
high in ECF and low in ICF
regulated by kidney
influenced by aldosterone, ADH, and NAP
serum sodium
low sodium levels do what
inhibit ADH and NP and trigger aldosterone
this causes kidney reabsorption of sodium
high sodium levels do what
inhibit aldosterone secretion and stimulated ADH and NP secretion
these increased kidney sodium excretion and water reabsorption
what determines hyponatremia
sodium below 136
signs and symptoms of hyponatremia
confusion, muscle weakness, nausea, cardiac output, hypovolemia
priority during hyponatremia
prevent hypernatremia and fluid overload