Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chronic Rehab > Diabetes Pt 1 > Flashcards

Diabetes Pt 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what leads to the metabolic derangements associated with type 1

A

loss of insulin (auto immune destruction)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

describe type 1 dieabetes

A 
Beta cell destruction (leads to insulin deficiency)
Immune mediated (autoimmune)
Idiopathic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is insulin normally secreted by

A

Beta cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what increases glucose transport into tissue and the liver

A

insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Must be present for muscle and fat tissues to use glucose

for energy

A

insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what does insulin regulate

A

glucose metabolism- to produce energy for

cellular functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

mechanism by which insulin promotes fat storage

A

*Insulin promotes glucose into fat cells where it is broken down
*One of breakdown products is A-glycerophosphate,
combines with fatty acids which ultimately forms
triglycerides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

when insulin is lacking what happens to fat

A

fat is released into the bloodstream

as free fatty acids.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

when insulin is lacking what happens to protein

A

causes protein breakdown into amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what does insulin potentiate the effect of

A

growth hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

describe insulin’s role in protein metabolism

A

insulin increases body protein by increasing transport of amino acids into cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

major stimulus of insulin secretion

A

glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

hormones that raise blood glucose levels

A

Cortisol, Glucagon, Growth hormone, Epinephrine, Estrogen, Progesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

factors that inhibit insulin secretion

A

hypoxia, hypothermia, stimulation of alpha adrenergic 2 receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

macrovascular complications of diabetes

A

Cardiovascular &

Cerebrovascular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

microvascular complications of diabetes

A

Retinopathy (vision problems)
Nephropathy (kidney dysfunction)
Neuropathy (nerve dysfunction)
Male erectile dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

no matter what type of diabetes the main feature is

A

hyperglycemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

by the time type 1 symptoms appear what has occured

A

80% of beta cells are already gone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what does idiopathic (type 1) mean

A

permanent insulin deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

insulin dependent diabetes mellitus

A

IDDM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what percent of those with diabetes are type 1

A

10%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what type of insulin is required for type 1

A

exogenous insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is type 1 associated with

A

high incidence of complications

usually has sudden onset

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

manifestations of type 1

A
  • Polyuria
  • Polydipsia
  • Polyphagia
  • Hyperglycemia
  • Glucosuria
25
Q

what is type 2 characterized by

A

hyperglycemia and insulin resistance

26
Q

what does type 2 result from

A

increased production of glucose by liver and

decreased uptake of glucose in liver, muscle and fat cells

27
Q

what is insulin resistance

A

higher than usual concentrations of

insulin are required

28
Q

general characteristics of type 2

A
  • Occurs at any age
  • Gradual onset
  • Less severe symptoms initially
  • Easier to control
  • More MIs and strokes
  • 90% of those with diabetes are Type 2
  • multifactorial
29
Q

risk factors associated with type 2

A

Family history

  • Obesity
  • Inactivity
  • Race/ethnicity
  • History of gestational DM
  • HTN
  • Metabolic Syndrome
30
Q

what is pre diabetes

A

at risk for developing diabetes, HD, stroke

31
Q

what is an impaired plasma glucose

A

2hr plasma glucose greater than 200

during an oral GTT

32
Q

what is prediabetes characterized by

A 
HgA1C levels ( 6.5% or greater)
FBS: FBS greater than 126mg/dl
33
Q

normal HgA1C level

A

normal 4-6%

34
Q

how does diabetes confirmation testing work

A

Fasting Blood Sugar

  • No calories for 8 hours
  • Normal 100 mg/dl or less
  • Significant >100 but < 126 = impaired
35
Q

how is DM diagnosed

A

Two separate tests greater that 126 mg/dL

Or Casual BG of > 200 mg/dl with symptoms

36
Q

what is an oral glucose tolerance test

A
  • Most sensitive but has issues – cost, inconvenience, timely
  • Standard for DM
  • Diagnosis is made if 75 g for 2 hr test or 100 g for 3 hr test
37
Q

values of OGTT

A
  • Normal < 140 mg/dl
  • Significant >140 but <200
  • Diagnostic >200 mg/dl
38
Q

describe HbA1c

A

Shows average blood glucose levels during the previous
120 days (usually followed not more than 90 days at a
time)

39
Q

what is HbA1c used for other than diagnosis

A

to monitor control of DM

40
Q

values of HbA1c

A

*Normal 4-6%, level of 6.5% is enough to make a

diagnosis of diabetes, 5.7% to 6.49% is a high risk

41
Q

how to check effective control of DM

A

HbA1C <7, test urine for ketones and glucose

42
Q

Self Monitoring Blood Glucose (SMBG) for type 1

A

3-4x day for type 1

multiple pump injections

43
Q

Self Monitoring Blood Glucose (SMBG) for type 2

A

post prandial BG

44
Q

the length of time after given before insulin hits bloodstream and begins to lower blood glucose.

A

onset

45
Q

is the time during which insulin is at its maximum effectiveness at lowering blood glucose.

A

peak

46
Q

length of time insulin continues to lower blood glucose

A

duration

47
Q

can insulin be given orally

A

no

48
Q

types of rapid acting insulin

A

Humalog (lispro)
Novolog (aspart)
Apidra (glulisin)

49
Q

types of intermediate acting insulin

A

NPH (N)

Lente (L)

50
Q

types of short acting insulin

A

Regular (R) humulin or novolin

Velosulin (for use in the insulin pump)

51
Q

types of long acting insulin

A

Ultralente (U)
Lantus
Levemir (detemir)

52
Q

types of pre mixed insulin

A

Humulin 70/30
Novolin 70/30
Novolog 70/30
Humulin 50/50

53
Q

advantage of premixed insulin

A

fast and long acting is combined in one injection

54
Q

rapid acting onset, peak, duration

A

onset: 15 min
peak: 1-1 1/2 hr
duration: 3-4 hr

55
Q

short acting onset, peak, duration

A

onset: 30 min- 1 hr
peak: 2-3 hr
duration: 4-6 hr

56
Q

NPH peak, onset, duration

A

onset: 2 hr
peak: 6-8 hr
duration: 12-16 hr

57
Q

detemir onset, peak, duration

A

onset: none
peak: none
duration: 17-24 hr

58
Q

long onset, peak, duration

A

onset: none
peak: none
duration: 24 hr

59
Q

mixed onset, peak, duration

A

onset: 30 min
peak: 4-8 hr
duration: 24 hr

Chronic Rehab (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions