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Chronic Rehab > Musculoskeletal Pt 1 > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal Pt 1 Flashcards

1
Q

function of musculoskeletal

A

Supporting framework
Protects vital organs
enable body movement
production of blood cells

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2
Q

Production of blood cells in the red marrow (blood formation)

A

hematopoiesis

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3
Q

where are lipids stored

A

are stored in adipose cells of the yellow marrow

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4
Q

dislodged lipids

characterized by hypoxia, bilateral pulmonary infiltrates, and mental status change

A

fat embolism

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5
Q

If epiphyseal plate is injured before pt is done growing(sealed)

A

could impact future growth

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6
Q

where is the yellow marrow found

A

in the hollow interior of the middle portion of long bones.

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7
Q

ligaments

A

(fibrous connective tissue connecting bone to bone)

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8
Q

tendons

A

(connect muscle to bone)

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9
Q

Longer than they are wide
A shaft with two ends - the shaft widens at the end of the bone
Contain yellow bone marrow and red bone marrow

A

long bones

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10
Q

in adults, Half of the bone marrow

A

is red

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11
Q

red bone marrow is mainly found where

A

mainly in the flat bones (hip bone, sternum, skull, ribs, vertebrae and shoulder blades)

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12
Q

what does hypoxia look like

A

gasping for air
look blue
put pulse ox on them

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13
Q

(formed in bone marrow; aid in clotting)

A

platelets

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14
Q

Contain mostly spongy bone

A

short bones

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15
Q

Cube-like; about as long as they are wide

A

short bones

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16
Q

most RBCs are formed

A

in flat bones

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17
Q

Thin and flat

Found where the need is for a broad surface area for muscular attachment or where extra protection is needed

A

flat bones

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18
Q

Serve as protection

A

irregular bones

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19
Q

bones are embedded within tendons; Act to protect tendons

A

sesamoid bones

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20
Q

a freely moveable joint – always a synovial joint

A

diarthrosis joint

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21
Q

(Two sliding surfaces)

A

gliding synovial joint

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22
Q

(Concave surface with convex surface)

A

hinge synovial joint

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23
Q

Rounded end fits into ring of bone and ligament

A

pivot synovial joint

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24
Q

when do synovial joints move less easily

A

when they are infected

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25
Q

Each surface is both concave and convex)

A

saddle joint

26
Q

interphalangeal joints)

A

hinge joint

27
Q

types of muscles

A

Skeletal Muscle
Cardiac Muscle
Smooth Muscle

28
Q

Attached to bones and causes movements of the body.

Also called striated muscle because of its banding pattern, or voluntary muscle

A

skeletal muscle

29
Q

Responsible for the rhythmic contractions of the heart

Muscle is involuntary

A

cardiac muscle

30
Q

Lines the walls of hollow organs

involuntary

A

smooth muscle

31
Q

(partial dislocation of joint)-not totally out of the joint

A

subluxation

32
Q

A result of a blow to the body, a fall, or another accident

A

trauma to bone

33
Q

highest incidence of trauma to the bone

A

MALES 15-24 years of age or elderly females 65 years of age, or older

34
Q

any type of irritation or damage to the rotator cuff muscles or tendons

A

rotator cuff injury

35
Q

McMurrays test”

A

pain and/or clicking noise of knee

positive means medial meniscus tear

36
Q

Symptoms of medial meniscus tear

A

Pain on the inner surface of the knee joint
Swelling of the knee within 24-48 hours of injury
Inability to bend knee fully- this may be associated with pain or a clicking noise
Locking” of the knee

37
Q

number one cause of pain in ER

A

back pain

38
Q

what type of surgery often causes back pain

A

knee surgery

surgery pulls on back because there is no support for extra leg

39
Q

why is back inflammation common

A

proper lifting, exercise, posture

occurs when a muscle is over-stretched or torn

40
Q

how to help relieve muscle strain

A

Emerge in ice cold water for 7 minutes then elevate fore 15 minutes
Do for 5 days straight(stops pain and swelling)
Use dixie cups frozen with ice for massage
Ice can be used for both acute and chronic

41
Q

how long does it take for muscle regeneration

A

in up to 6 weeks

42
Q

why is ice important for muscle strain

A

relieves swelling-constricts

43
Q

Inflammation of the Bursa

A

bursitis

44
Q

causes of bursitis

A

over use, injury, infection from gout or RA

45
Q

treatment of bursitis

A

Protection, Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation, Medication (PRICEM)

46
Q

types of complete fractures

A 
Closed (Simple)
Open (Compound)
Transverse
Oblique
Spiral
Comminuted
47
Q

Only bone damage

does not penetrate skin

A

closed simple fracture

48
Q

Needs to be supported/stabilized
Neurovascular injury/checks are very important when dealing with extremities and back
Check for pulse, do cap refill-if do not have then it is an emergency
Documented when going into surgery or after
Potential for infection

A

open fracture

49
Q

Often caused by direct traumatic injury

A

transverse fracture

50
Q

is open or transverse fractures worse

A

Open fracture is worse-can disrupt blood and neuro

Transverse fracture is contained, not as severe

51
Q

Extremely rare type of break

unstageable

A

oblique fracture

52
Q

This is hard to put back together, bad fracture

unstable

A

spiral fracture

53
Q

Highly unstable with many bone fragments

A

comminuted fracture

54
Q

types of incomplete fractures

A

Greenstick-often in kids(bent bone)
Torus (closed) (side of the bone bends but does not break)
Bowing
Stress-runner’s fracture

55
Q

Usually seen in children

Bone is usually “bent” and broken on the outside of the bend

A

greenstick fracture

56
Q

Common sports injury
symptom:pain
runners

A

stress fracture

57
Q

May occur during normal activity or after minimal injury (Is associated with osteoporosis and cancer)

A

pathologic fracture

58
Q

The muscles associated with the bones are unable to absorb energy as they usually do

A

fatigue/stress fracture

59
Q

A strong ligament or tendon pulls a fragment of the bone away from the rest of it (tunnels in on eachother-crushed up)

A

avulsion fracture

60
Q

Fracture fragments are pushed into each other

A

impacted fracture

61
Q

5 Ps

A 
Pain
Paresthesia
Pallor-neuro
Pulses
Paralysis-vascular
62
Q

(tingling, pricking, or numbness of the skin)

A

paresthesia

Chronic Rehab (18 decks)

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