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Chronic Rehab > Sensory Pt 1 > Flashcards

Sensory Pt 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three layers of the eyeball

A

sclera, uvea, retina

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2
Q

the clear, dome-shaped tissue covering the front of the eye.

A

cornea

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3
Q

the colored part of the eye - it controls the amount of light that enters the eye by changing the size of the pupil

A

iris

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4
Q

a crystalline structure located just behind the iris - it focuses light onto the retina

A

lens

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5
Q

the nerve that transmits electrical impulses from the retina to the brain

A

optic nerve

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6
Q

the opening in the center of the iris- it changes size as the amount of light changes (the more light, the smaller the hole)

A

pupil

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7
Q

a thick, transparent liquid that fills the center of the eye - it is mostly water and gives the eye its form and shape

A

vitreous

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8
Q

sensory tissue that lines the back of the eye. It contains millions of photoreceptors (rods and cones) that convert light rays into electrical impulses that are relayed to the brain via the optic nerve

A

retina

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9
Q

mucous membranes of the eye

A

Conjunctivae

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10
Q

produces tears

A

lacrimal tears

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11
Q

what are the eye functions

A

Refraction; pupillary constriction; accommodation; and convergence

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12
Q

muscles of the eye

A

Extraocular muscles (6 of them)

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13
Q

what are the muscles of the eyes controlled by

A

CNs III (oculomotor), IV (trochlear) and VI (abducens)

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14
Q

“The nerve of sight.” It connects the optic disk to the brain

A

optic nerve (CN ii)

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15
Q

the bending of light to focus images on the retina

A

refraction

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16
Q

farsightedness

A

hyperopia

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17
Q

describe hyperopia

A

Inability of the eye to adequately refract (break-up) light
Eyeball may be too short or the cornea have too little curvature
Objects at a distance are seen clearly; close objects are blurred

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18
Q

nearsightedness

A

myopia

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19
Q

describe myopia

A

Objects at a distance are blurred; close objects are seen clearly
Eyeball may be too long or the cornea have too much curvature
Light coming into the eye does not focus correctly creating a blurred image of distant objects

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20
Q

Uneven surface on, or in the eye (esp the cornea) which distorts vision

A

astigmatism

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21
Q

how to fix astigmatism

A

Corrective glasses
Contact lenses
Refractory surgery (PRK/lasik)

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22
Q

complications of lasik

A

Dry eyes
Halos around lights
Light sensitive
Correction errors

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23
Q

with aging what happens to the cornea

A

flattens. Result is blurred vision

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24
Q

a product of hyperlipidemia; bluish white ring around the cornea

A

arcus senilis

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25
what happens to the sclera with age
takes on a yellowish (r/t fat deposits) or bluish hue
26
what happens to ocular muscles with age
Strength decreases
27
what happens to the lens with age
Hardens and becomes compact (Cataracts)
28
what happens to tears with age
Diminished tearing Dry eyes Risk for infection Discomfort
29
what happens to color vision with age
Ability to differentiate between colors of short wavelength (green, blue, violet) decreases
30
what happens to the pupil with age
Size is smaller | Reduced ability to see in dim light
31
why is Intraocular pressure often higher in elderly individuals
presbyopia (need reading glasses)
32
Measures distance and near vision
acuity
33
used to measure distance (20 feet from chart)
snellen chart
34
tests near vision (use in patients over 40 years of age)
Rosenbaum pocket vision
35
Tests peripheral vision
confrontational test
36
Corneal light reflex test what
alignment
37
Corneal light reflex tests what
alignment
38
Six cardinal positions of gaze test what
muscle function
39
Cover-uncover tests what
tests muscle function r/t ability to focus
40
Permits viewing of external and internal eye structures
Ophthalmoscopy
41
(Uses microscopic technology to examine anterior ocular structures)
Slit lamp microscopy
42
Tool used to measure IOP. Normal IOP: 10 to 21 mm Hg
tonometry
43
Used as evaluation tool in cases of trauma; foreign bodies; ulcers; abrasions
corneal staining
44
useful in examining the EOMs; bony structures and eye itself
CT scan
45
“stye” Inflammation of gland Caused by bacterial infection
hordeolum
46
Swollen sebaceous gland of the eyelid r/t blockage of the gland’s duct
chalazion
47
Inflammation of the eyelids | Can be associated with having dandruff of the scalp
blepharitis
48
Hyperlipidemia Common in elderly Symmetrically distributed around eyelids
Xanthelasma
49
Drooping of the upper eyelid | Can be r/t disorder of oculomotor nerve (CN III)
ptosis
50
Inflammation of conjunctiva Viral or bacterial Caused by allergy (pollen; animal dander; dust)
conjunctivitis
51
Hepatitis | Yellowish color is a normal variant in elderly
jaundice
52
Grayish line (ring-like) in the periphery of cornea Common in elderly (fatty deposits) Abnormal finding in younger individuals
arcus senilis
53
Protrusion of eyeballs | Associated with hyperthyroidism
Exophthalmos
54
Different eye color | Congenital or r/t inflammation
Heterochromia
55
Abnormal alignment of the eyes
strabismus
56
“Lazy-eye” | Poor eyesight not due to any detectable cause
Amblyopia
57
what is associated with corneal abrasion and scarring
``` Painful scrape or scratch of the cornea Associated with trauma Pain Tearing Blurred vision ```
58
what Chronic conditions may have an adverse effect on vision
diabetes and cataracts
59
what meds dry out eyes
Antihistamines and decongestants
60
Blurred or double vision
diplopia
61
meds given to produce tear secretions
Anticholinergics Antihistamines Beta-blockers
62
given for myopia and blurred vision
Diuretics | Sulfonamides
63
should you remove a penetrating object in the eye
no! take to OR
64
An opacity or clouding of the crystalline lens that blocks the passage of light needed for vision, distorts image projected onto retina
cataracts
65
Is the 3rd leading cause of blindness in the US
cataracts
66
what does increased IOP result in
glaucoma
67
characteristic of cataracts
Cloudy white lens over the pupil
68
children may have what form of cataracts
congenital cataracts
69
assessment characteristics of cataracts
``` Opacity or cloudy white pupil Decreased vision Glare Obliteration of parts of images Decreased perception of color Distorted images Photophobia (sensitivity to light) ```
70
non surgical cataract treatment
Reading glasses | Increased lighting
71
surgical cataract treatment
Removal of cataract (extracapsular extraction) with implantation of intraocular lens (IOL)

Chronic Rehab (18 decks)

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