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Chronic Rehab > Sensory Pt 1 > Flashcards

Sensory Pt 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three layers of the eyeball

A

sclera, uvea, retina

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2
Q

the clear, dome-shaped tissue covering the front of the eye.

A

cornea

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3
Q

the colored part of the eye - it controls the amount of light that enters the eye by changing the size of the pupil

A

iris

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4
Q

a crystalline structure located just behind the iris - it focuses light onto the retina

A

lens

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5
Q

the nerve that transmits electrical impulses from the retina to the brain

A

optic nerve

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6
Q

the opening in the center of the iris- it changes size as the amount of light changes (the more light, the smaller the hole)

A

pupil

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7
Q

a thick, transparent liquid that fills the center of the eye - it is mostly water and gives the eye its form and shape

A

vitreous

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8
Q

sensory tissue that lines the back of the eye. It contains millions of photoreceptors (rods and cones) that convert light rays into electrical impulses that are relayed to the brain via the optic nerve

A

retina

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9
Q

mucous membranes of the eye

A

Conjunctivae

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10
Q

produces tears

A

lacrimal tears

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11
Q

what are the eye functions

A

Refraction; pupillary constriction; accommodation; and convergence

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12
Q

muscles of the eye

A

Extraocular muscles (6 of them)

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13
Q

what are the muscles of the eyes controlled by

A

CNs III (oculomotor), IV (trochlear) and VI (abducens)

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14
Q

“The nerve of sight.” It connects the optic disk to the brain

A

optic nerve (CN ii)

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15
Q

the bending of light to focus images on the retina

A

refraction

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16
Q

farsightedness

A

hyperopia

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17
Q

describe hyperopia

A

Inability of the eye to adequately refract (break-up) light
Eyeball may be too short or the cornea have too little curvature
Objects at a distance are seen clearly; close objects are blurred

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18
Q

nearsightedness

A

myopia

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19
Q

describe myopia

A

Objects at a distance are blurred; close objects are seen clearly
Eyeball may be too long or the cornea have too much curvature
Light coming into the eye does not focus correctly creating a blurred image of distant objects

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20
Q

Uneven surface on, or in the eye (esp the cornea) which distorts vision

A

astigmatism

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21
Q

how to fix astigmatism

A

Corrective glasses
Contact lenses
Refractory surgery (PRK/lasik)

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22
Q

complications of lasik

A

Dry eyes
Halos around lights
Light sensitive
Correction errors

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23
Q

with aging what happens to the cornea

A

flattens. Result is blurred vision

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24
Q

a product of hyperlipidemia; bluish white ring around the cornea

A

arcus senilis

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25
Q

what happens to the sclera with age

A

takes on a yellowish (r/t fat deposits) or bluish hue

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26
Q

what happens to ocular muscles with age

A

Strength decreases

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27
Q

what happens to the lens with age

A

Hardens and becomes compact (Cataracts)

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28
Q

what happens to tears with age

A

Diminished tearing
Dry eyes
Risk for infection
Discomfort

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29
Q

what happens to color vision with age

A

Ability to differentiate between colors of short wavelength (green, blue, violet) decreases

30
Q

what happens to the pupil with age

A

Size is smaller

Reduced ability to see in dim light

31
Q

why is Intraocular pressure often higher in elderly individuals

A

presbyopia (need reading glasses)

32
Q

Measures distance and near vision

A

acuity

33
Q

used to measure distance (20 feet from chart)

A

snellen chart

34
Q

tests near vision (use in patients over 40 years of age)

A

Rosenbaum pocket vision

35
Q

Tests peripheral vision

A

confrontational test

36
Q

Corneal light reflex test what

A

alignment

37
Q

Corneal light reflex tests what

A

alignment

38
Q

Six cardinal positions of gaze test what

A

muscle function

39
Q

Cover-uncover tests what

A

tests muscle function r/t ability to focus

40
Q

Permits viewing of external and internal eye structures

A

Ophthalmoscopy

41
Q

(Uses microscopic technology to examine anterior ocular structures)

A

Slit lamp microscopy

42
Q

Tool used to measure IOP. Normal IOP: 10 to 21 mm Hg

A

tonometry

43
Q

Used as evaluation tool in cases of trauma; foreign bodies; ulcers; abrasions

A

corneal staining

44
Q

useful in examining the EOMs; bony structures and eye itself

A

CT scan

45
Q

“stye”
Inflammation of gland
Caused by bacterial infection

A

hordeolum

46
Q

Swollen sebaceous gland of the eyelid r/t blockage of the gland’s duct

A

chalazion

47
Q

Inflammation of the eyelids

Can be associated with having dandruff of the scalp

A

blepharitis

48
Q

Hyperlipidemia
Common in elderly
Symmetrically distributed around eyelids

A

Xanthelasma

49
Q

Drooping of the upper eyelid

Can be r/t disorder of oculomotor nerve (CN III)

A

ptosis

50
Q

Inflammation of conjunctiva
Viral or bacterial
Caused by allergy (pollen; animal dander; dust)

A

conjunctivitis

51
Q

Hepatitis

Yellowish color is a normal variant in elderly

A

jaundice

52
Q

Grayish line (ring-like) in the periphery of cornea
Common in elderly (fatty deposits)
Abnormal finding in younger individuals

A

arcus senilis

53
Q

Protrusion of eyeballs

Associated with hyperthyroidism

A

Exophthalmos

54
Q

Different eye color

Congenital or r/t inflammation

A

Heterochromia

55
Q

Abnormal alignment of the eyes

A

strabismus

56
Q

“Lazy-eye”

Poor eyesight not due to any detectable cause

A

Amblyopia

57
Q

what is associated with corneal abrasion and scarring

A 
Painful scrape or scratch of the cornea
Associated with trauma
Pain
Tearing
Blurred vision
58
Q

what Chronic conditions may have an adverse effect on vision

A

diabetes and cataracts

59
Q

what meds dry out eyes

A

Antihistamines and decongestants

60
Q

Blurred or double vision

A

diplopia

61
Q

meds given to produce tear secretions

A

Anticholinergics
Antihistamines
Beta-blockers

62
Q

given for myopia and blurred vision

A

Diuretics

Sulfonamides

63
Q

should you remove a penetrating object in the eye

A

no! take to OR

64
Q

An opacity or clouding of the crystalline lens that blocks the passage of light needed for vision, distorts image projected onto retina

A

cataracts

65
Q

Is the 3rd leading cause of blindness in the US

A

cataracts

66
Q

what does increased IOP result in

A

glaucoma

67
Q

characteristic of cataracts

A

Cloudy white lens over the pupil

68
Q

children may have what form of cataracts

A

congenital cataracts

69
Q

assessment characteristics of cataracts

A 
Opacity or cloudy white pupil
Decreased vision
Glare
Obliteration of parts of images
Decreased perception of color
Distorted images
Photophobia (sensitivity to light)
70
Q

non surgical cataract treatment

A

Reading glasses

Increased lighting

71
Q

surgical cataract treatment

A

Removal of cataract (extracapsular extraction) with implantation of intraocular lens (IOL)

Chronic Rehab (18 decks)

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