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Chronic Rehab > Fluid and Electrolytes > Flashcards

Fluid and Electrolytes Flashcards

1
Q

what are the most replaced electrolytes

A

Sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium

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2
Q

water is what percent of the body

A

55% of body substance

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3
Q

can you alter the intracellular fluids

A

no

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4
Q

when we give fluid what does it go to

A

plasma volume

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5
Q

what is similar to plasma volume

A

cardiac output

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6
Q

movement of fluid through cell wall from hydrostatic pressure-

A

filtration

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7
Q

free movement of particles or solutes across a semipermeable membrane-

A

diffusion

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8
Q

when does diffusion occur

A

electrolyte movement

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9
Q

movement of water through a semipermeable membrane, the membrane must not allow particles to move

A

osmosis

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10
Q

movement of fluid through a cell or blood vessel membrane

A

filtration

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11
Q

“force”

A

Hydrostatic Pressure

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12
Q

Amount of water in a fluid is ______ related to the VISCOSITY of that fluid.

A

INVERSELY

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13
Q

what is of clinical significance for filtration

A

B/P

Edema

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14
Q

example of hydrostatic filtering forces

A

blood pressure

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15
Q

what does blood pressure do

A

It moves whole blood from the heart to capillaries where filtration can occur to exchange water, nutrients, and waste products between the blood and the tissues.

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16
Q

develops with changes in normal hydrostatic pressure differences.

A

edema

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17
Q

free movement of the solute across a permeable membrane

from higher to lower concentration

A

diffusion

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18
Q

equal exchange of particles

A

equilibrium

19
Q

clinical significance related to diffusion

A

Transport of electrolytes
Glucose and insulin
Na pumps

20
Q

what is important in the transport of most electrolytes and particles through cell membranes.

A

diffusion

21
Q

movement of water (solvent) only through a selectively permeable membrane

A

osmosis

22
Q

How well a particle type dissolves in water

A

solubility

23
Q

Process where solutes and solution move together in response to fluid pressure to create equilibrium
osmotic pressure

A

filtration

24
Q

isotonic soultion

A

same solution
300 mOsm/L
0.9% sodium chloride and lactated ringers

25
Q

hypotonic

A

< 270 mOsm/L

1/2 NS or 0.45% saline or D5W

26
Q

hypertonic

A

> 350 mOsm/L
Fluids with medications
D5NS or D5LR or TPN
If > 500 mEq/L should be in a central line

27
Q

plasma volume

A

3.5-5.5 L

28
Q

osmolarity levels

A

270-300 mOsm

29
Q

sodium levels

A

135-145 mEq/L

30
Q

potassium levels

A

3.5-5 mEq/L

31
Q

chloride levels

A

96-109 mEq/L

32
Q

calcium levels

A

9-10.5 mEq/L

33
Q

magnesium levels

A

1.3-2.1 mEq/L

34
Q

protein levels

A

7-8 g/L

35
Q

an example of how osmosis helps maintain homeostasis.

A

thirst mechanism

36
Q

what is the feeling of thirst caused by

A

the activation of cells in the brain that respond to changes in ECG osmolarity.

37
Q

Minimum amount of urine needed to excrete toxic waste products

A

400-600 mL

38
Q

aldosterone

A

mineralocorticoid

39
Q

ADH

A

antidiuretic hormone

40
Q

Natriuretic peptides

A

atrial cells- they go to the nephrons and oppose aldosterone

41
Q

Fluid intake is less than what is needed to meet the body’s fluid needs, resulting in a fluid volume deficit.

A

dehydration

42
Q

causes of dehydration

A 
Hemorrhage
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Burns
NPO
unconscious
43
Q

how many mL are needed for the kidneys to work

A

30 mls an hour

44
Q

describe isotonic dehydration

A

Water loss or water and some electrolyte
Fluid from ECF space, plasma and interstitial
ICF is normal
HYPOVOLEMIC

Chronic Rehab (18 decks)

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