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Chronic Rehab > Musculoskeletal Pt 2 > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal Pt 2 Flashcards

1
Q

how do you manage fractures

A

RICE

rest, ice, compression, elevation

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2
Q

an attempt to prevent movement-reason for spams

A

splintage

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3
Q

naturally occurring phenomenon related to pain that causes guarding, muscle spasms, and avoidance of further use

A

physiologic splintage

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4
Q

immobilization of bones with devices such as casts, splints and braces

A

External orthopedic splintage-

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5
Q

immoblization of bones with with screws, pins, rods or plates to hold the opposing ends of the fracture in place ORIF-can

A

Internal Fixation

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6
Q

stages of fractures

A

hematoma, pre callus, callus, remodeling

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7
Q

blood flow, could be prevented by fracture or friction

A

ischemia

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8
Q

what can impair bone healing

A

Severity, type of bone, management of fracture, infection, ischemia,, age of patient, nutrition, chronic diseases

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9
Q

what conditions can cause an endocrine imbalance

A

diabetes or thyroid issues

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10
Q

factors that hinder callus formation

A 
Infection at the site of injury
Bone necrosis
Anemia or other systemic conditions
Endocrine imbalance
Poor dietary intake
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11
Q

Used when a cast would not allow proper alignment of the fracture
Proper cleaning to prevent infection is required

A

external fixator

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12
Q

describe an wound that has an external fixator

A

Should not be infected, or have pus, or be bleeding
May have a little serosanguinous
Clean with saline and put on antibiotic ointment

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13
Q

Aligns the ends of a fracture by pulling the limb into a straight position
Helps manage muscle spasm r/t fracture

A

traction

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14
Q

Application of a low electrical current to the fracture

Promotes the speed of bone healing

A

bone stimulation

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15
Q

When fat enters the circulation)
12-48 hrs after fracture
Usually associated with fx of long bone or pelvis (fx of hip is at highest risk)

A

fat embolism syndrome

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16
Q

symptoms of pulmonary embolus

A

Hemoptysis (coughing up of blood), pleuritic chest pain, dyspnea, rales

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17
Q

who is at risk for DVT

A

Anyone who is immobile is at risk for DVT

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18
Q

4-12 hrs after fracture
Progressive pain distal to fracture
5 Ps

A

compartment syndrome

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19
Q

what do you do for compartment syndrome

A

cut off blood supply to muscle

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20
Q

most common procedure performed in people over 85.

A

repair of fractured hip

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21
Q

types of hip fractures

A

Intracapsular
Extracapsular
Intertrocanteric

22
Q

signs/symtptoms of hip fracture

A

Medical emergency
Severe pain at the fracture site
Inability to move leg voluntarily
Classicshortening and external rotation of the leg

23
Q

Prolonged immobility - 12-16 wks BR (avoids the risks associated with anesthesia)

A

conservative management of hip fracture

24
Q

Reduction and stabilization of fracture with insertion of internal fixation device

A

surgical management of hip fracture

25
Q

do not do what things following a hip fracture

A 
flex more than 90o
force hip into adduction or internal rotation
cross legs
put on own shoes and socks x 8 weeks
sit in chairs that do not have armrests
26
Q

what SHOULD you do following a hip fracture

A 
Keep in extension and abduction
use toilet seat raiser
place/use shower chair
use pillow between legs x 8 weeks
notify of increased pain
inform dentist of prosthetic device
27
Q

classic signs of hip fracture

A

Severe pain at the fracture site
Inability to move leg voluntarily
External Rotation

28
Q

postoperative care of total hip replacement

A

hip is kept in extension and abduction to prevent dislocation of the hip

29
Q

Acute or chronic infection of bone (confirmed by positive wound culture)
Usually staph aureus
Direct or indirect

A

Osteomyelitis

30
Q

symptoms of osteomyelitis

A

Pain, temperature, swelling, warmth, redness

31
Q

treatment of osteomyelitis

A

Aggressive antibiotics 6-8 wks

32
Q

important nursing care of osteomyelitis

A

Aseptic technique, no heat or exercise to affected area which will increase circulation

33
Q

A disorder in which bone mass is lost to the point where the skeleton is no longer able to withstand unexpected or normal mechanical forces.

A

osteoporosis

34
Q

describe osteoporosis

A

Bone resorption > bone formation

35
Q

Most common skeletal disorder

A

osteoporosis

36
Q

remodeling imbalance favors bone resorption
fracture due to bone weakness
Non-symptomatic until indicated by fracture

A

Metabolic bone disease (Osteoporosis)

37
Q

what inhibits bone resorption

A

estrogen

38
Q

when does estrogen decrease thus leading to more fractures

A

menopause and young women who are training

39
Q

what counteracts osteoporosis risk factors

A

Weight bearing exercises (walking)

40
Q

osteoporosis risk factors

A 
Aging
Gender (female)
Race (white)
Family History
Postmenopausal
Chronic calcium deficiency
Sedentary lifestyle
41
Q

who is given corticosteroids thus increasing their risk for osteoporosis

A

asthmatics

42
Q

what drug is a secondary risk factor for osteoporosis

A

glucocorticoids

43
Q

clinical manifestations of osteoporosis

A

back pain, fracture, thoracic kyphosis, loss of height

44
Q

what is the easiest way to diagnose osteoporosis

A

Bone Mineral Density Measurement

45
Q

education for osteoporosis

A

Promote calcium intake
Decrease caffeine- Excess calcium loss
Decrease protein and fat- High protein diet causes bone loss secondary to calcium loss
Promote exercise

46
Q

Chronic metabolic disorder in which bone is excessively broken down and reformed
leading to weakened bone, bone pain, arthritis, deformity leading to pathologic fractures and osteogenic sarcoma

A

Paget’s disease

47
Q

meds given for Paget’s disease

A

Fosamax, Actonel

48
Q 
Degenerative Joint Disease
Most common form of arthritis in the elderly
#1 cause of disability and limitation in those over 74
A

osteoarthritis

49
Q

Non-inflammatory disease of moveable joints

Deterioration in articular cartilage and formation of new bone at the joint

A

osteoarthritis

50
Q

pathophysiology of osteoarthritis

A

Articular cartilage becomes thin, irregular, frayed
Probably enzymes breakdown of cartilage
Cracks, fissures in articular cartilage
Fill w/ synovial fluid

Chronic Rehab (18 decks)

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